Huimin Cui, Peng Wang, Man Chen, Hong Lin, Yuxin Zhao, Zhiyu Pu, Jianjun Yang
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Emergency Center, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan 750004, China.
J Dairy Sci. 2025 Feb;108(2):1198-1210. doi: 10.3168/jds.2024-25388. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
Donkey milk, rich in essential nutrients, is not only able to meet the nutritional needs of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD, but also has strong anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is the main driving force of renal fibrosis, which directly determines renal function in CKD. However, the impact of donkey milk on CKD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that donkey milk supplementation could enhance anti-inflammatory abilities in individuals with CKD, thereby inhibiting renal fibrosis and improving renal function. Therefore, we investigated the influence of a 6-wk treatment with donkey milk on unilateral ureteral ligation-induced CKD rats. The results demonstrated that the level of miR-223-3p was decreased in the kidneys of CKD rats compared with normal rats. However, donkey milk supplementation activated miR-223-3p, thereby inhibiting the expression of inhibitor of kappa-B kinase (IKKα) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proteins. Consequently, the expression of inflammatory factors such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-6 was suppressed, leading to reduced aggregations of macrophages in the kidney and decreased transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression. Ultimately, renal fibrosis was inhibited, which was confirmed by decreased collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1) mRNA, thereby the renal function of CKD rats was improved. These results indicate that miR-223-3p may be another potential therapeutic target for CKD. Moreover, the contribution of donkey milk to alleviating the inflammatory response and renal fibrosis of CKD is obvious, indicating that donkey milk may be a new functional food for CKD patients to promote health.
驴奶富含必需营养素，根据美国国家肾脏基金会的《慢性肾脏病（CKD）营养临床实践指南》，它不仅能够满足慢性肾脏病患者的营养需求，还具有强大的抗炎特性。炎症是肾纤维化的主要驱动力，直接决定了慢性肾脏病患者的肾功能。然而，驴奶对慢性肾脏病的影响及其潜在机制仍不清楚。我们假设补充驴奶可以增强慢性肾脏病患者的抗炎能力，从而抑制肾纤维化并改善肾功能。因此，我们研究了用驴奶进行6周治疗对单侧输尿管结扎诱导的慢性肾脏病大鼠的影响。结果表明，与正常大鼠相比，慢性肾脏病大鼠肾脏中miR-223-3p的水平降低。然而，补充驴奶激活了miR-223-3p，从而抑制了κB激酶抑制剂（IKKα）和核因子κB（NF-κB）蛋白的表达。因此，单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）和白细胞介素-6等炎症因子的表达受到抑制，导致肾脏中巨噬细胞聚集减少，转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）表达降低。最终，肾纤维化受到抑制，这通过I型胶原α1（COL1A1）mRNA的减少得到证实，从而改善了慢性肾脏病大鼠的肾功能。这些结果表明，miR-223-3p可能是慢性肾脏病的另一个潜在治疗靶点。此外，驴奶对减轻慢性肾脏病的炎症反应和肾纤维化的作用明显，表明驴奶可能是促进慢性肾脏病患者健康的新型功能性食品。
