A multi-omics database of buffaloes from Yangtze valley reveals diversity of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is the fundamental livestock resource for local rural populations and holds a promising prospect of their milk and meat. Xuyi mountain (XYM) and Haizi (HZ) buffaloes from Yangtze valley comprises of species diversity of Asian water buffaloes. Current multi-omics enables identification of causal genes and elucidation of genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying complex traits in buffaloes. Here, we conducted the integrated analysis of metabolome and metagenome of rumen fluid, transcriptome and metabolome of blood, and whole genome sequence data from XYM (n = 7) and HZ (n = 10) male buffaloes. Our results revealed the apparent diversity of multi-layer omics profiles between two buffalo species. The built-up multi-omics database supports the discoveries of diversity in Asian water buffalo and potentially serves valuable resources for studying causal regulatory variants and their mechanisms.