Chu Liming, Zhang Qi
Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China.
Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Dec 18;24(1):3523. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21063-x.
The economic functions of families are strengthened by the labor supply of family members. However, an in-depth discussion can still be held on the impact of the labor supply of family members on the non-economic functions of families, such as residential, social and psychological functions. This paper sought to understand the household non-economic welfare of women's working hours. In addition, the household non-economic welfare effects of women's working hours in terms of subdividing women's working hours and fine-tuning household non-economic welfare were explored. The residential, social and psychological effects of women's working hours were clarified.
This paper addressed the above problems based on Sen's welfare theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, adopted the feasible ability method, and used nationally representative, timely survey data and data from the 2014-2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS).
In this study, it was shown that the psychological effects of women's working hours are the largest on average, with an average increase of one hour per week boosting psychological effects by 0.53%. The impact of women's working hours on both residential and social effects has the extreme points of 68.78 and 35.89 h, respectively. By the interval, the residential effects of women's working hours are 12.7-16.2% compared with those of weekly working hours shorter than 30 h. Additionally, women's weekly working hours of more than 60 h have the greatest impact on residential effects, which is 16.2%. From the perspective of gender, the residential effects of women's working hours are above those of men's working hours. Compared to weekly working hours of less than 30 h, the social and psychological effects of women's working hours are weaker than those of men's working hours.
This study not only contributes to the understanding of contributions to households from the perspective of labor value but also provides lessons for enhancing household non-economic welfare.
Limited evidence shows the contributions of working hours and healthy family development in social policies.Women's working hours increase the residential, social and psychological effects of families. Psychological effects are the largest, with an average increase of one hour per week being associated with an increase of 0.53% in psychological effects. The impact of women's working hours on subjective health is lower than that of men's working hours.Few studies systematically analyze the impact of women's working hours on family residence, socialization and subjective health, and thus target family-friendly policies.
家庭成员的劳动力供给强化了家庭的经济功能。然而，关于家庭成员的劳动力供给对家庭的非经济功能（如居住、社会和心理功能）的影响，仍可进行深入探讨。本文旨在了解女性工作时长对家庭非经济福利的影响。此外，还探讨了细分女性工作时长以及微调家庭非经济福利方面女性工作时长对家庭非经济福利的影响，阐明了女性工作时长的居住、社会和心理影响。
本文基于森的福利理论和马斯洛的需求层次理论解决上述问题，采用可行能力方法，并使用具有全国代表性的及时调查数据以及2014 - 2018年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）的数据。
在本研究中，结果表明女性工作时长的心理影响平均最大，每周平均增加一小时会使心理影响提高0.53%。女性工作时长对居住和社会影响的极值分别为68.78小时和35.89小时。就区间而言，与每周工作时长低于30小时相比，女性工作时长的居住影响为12.7 - 16.2%。此外，女性每周工作时长超过60小时对居住影响最大，为16.2%。从性别角度看，女性工作时长的居住影响高于男性工作时长。与每周工作时长低于30小时相比，女性工作时长的社会和心理影响弱于男性工作时长。
本研究不仅有助于从劳动价值角度理解对家庭的贡献，还为提高家庭非经济福利提供了经验教训。
有限的证据表明工作时长与社会政策中健康家庭发展的贡献。女性工作时长增加会提高家庭的居住、社会和心理影响。心理影响最大，每周平均增加一小时与心理影响增加0.53%相关。女性工作时长对主观健康的影响低于男性工作时长。很少有研究系统分析女性工作时长对家庭居住、社会化和主观健康的影响，因此针对家庭友好政策。
