Wiedermann Christian J
Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana-College of Health Professions, Bolzano, Italy.
Clin Trials. 2025 Apr;22(2):239-247. doi: 10.1177/17407745241297162. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
Enoximone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, was approved in Germany in 1989 and initially proposed for heart failure and perioperative cardiac conditions. The research of Joachim Boldt and his supervisor Gunter Hempelmann came under scrutiny after investigations revealed systematic scientific misconduct leading to numerous retractions. Therefore, early enoximone studies by Boldt and Hempelmann from 1988 to 1991 were reviewed.
PubMed-listed publications and dissertations on enoximone from the Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen were analyzed for study design, participant demographics, methods, and outcomes. The data were screened for duplications and inconsistencies.
Of seven randomized controlled trial articles identified, two were retracted. Five of the non-retracted articles reported similarly designed studies and included similar patient cohorts. The analysis revealed overlap in patient demographics and reported outcomes and inconsistencies in cardiac index values between trials, suggesting data duplication and manipulation. Several other articles have been retracted. The analysis results of misconduct and co-authorship of retracted studies during Boldt's late formative years indicate inadequate mentorship. The university's slow response in supporting the retraction of publications involving scientific misconduct indicates systemic oversight problems.
All five publications analyzed remained active and warrant retraction to maintain the integrity of the scientific record. This analysis highlights the need for improved institutional supervision. The current guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics for retraction are inadequate for large-scale scientific misconduct. Comprehensive ethics training, regular audits, and transparent reporting are essential to ensure the credibility of published research.
依诺昔酮是一种磷酸二酯酶III抑制剂，1989年在德国获批，最初用于治疗心力衰竭和围手术期心脏疾病。约阿希姆·博尔特及其导师冈特·亨佩尔曼的研究在调查发现系统性学术不端行为导致大量论文被撤回后受到审查。因此，对博尔特和亨佩尔曼在1988年至1991年期间开展的早期依诺昔酮研究进行了回顾。
对吉森尤斯 - 利比希大学发表在PubMed上的关于依诺昔酮的出版物和论文进行分析，内容包括研究设计、参与者人口统计学信息、方法和结果。对数据进行重复和不一致性筛查。
在确定的7篇随机对照试验文章中，2篇已被撤回。5篇未被撤回的文章报告了设计相似的研究，并纳入了相似的患者队列。分析发现试验之间患者人口统计学信息和报告结果存在重叠，心脏指数值存在不一致，表明存在数据重复和操纵的情况。其他几篇文章也已被撤回。对博尔特成长后期撤回研究的学术不端行为和共同作者情况的分析表明指导不足。该大学在支持撤回涉及学术不端行为的出版物方面反应迟缓，表明存在系统性监督问题。
所分析的5篇出版物仍然有效，需要撤回以维护科学记录的完整性。该分析强调了加强机构监督的必要性。目前出版伦理委员会关于撤回的指南对于大规模学术不端行为而言并不充分。全面的伦理培训、定期审核和透明报告对于确保已发表研究的可信度至关重要。
