Norton Terry M, Cox Sherry, Manire Charles A, Zirkelbach Bette, Morrison Ian, Overmeyer Rachel, Stowell Stephanie, Adelman Leah, Buttrey Sarah, Marcialis Taylor, Polyak Maximillian M R, Clark Samantha, Gamby Jamie, Hardman Allison, Gilbert Isabelle, Breshears Krista, Chadam Maria, Crowder Whitney, Mirowski Emily, Hoover Shelby, Page Annie
Turtle Hospital, Marathon, FL 33050, USA,
Georgia Sea Turtle Center/Jekyll Island Authority, Jekyll Island, GA 31527, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2024 Dec;55(4):1049-1055. doi: 10.1638/2024-0012.
Currently there are few antibacterial dosage regimens established to be safe and effective for sea turtles. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of antibiotics is an essential step in establishing accurate dosage guidelines for a particular species. Metronidazole is an antibiotic that is effective against anaerobic bacteria and some protozoa. For most anaerobic bacteria, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for metronidazole ranges from 0.25 to 4.0 µg/ml. The MIC values for some species are up to 8 µg/ml, and for protozoal agents of trichomoniasis (MIC of 0.05 µg/ml), amebiasis, and giardiasis the MIC ranges from 1 to 50 µg/ml. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of metronidazole to aid in the establishment of species-specific dose guidelines in green (), loggerhead (), and Kemp's ridley () sea turtles. After administering metronidazole at a dose of 20 mg/kg orally and IV, the pharmacokinetics were very similar for these three species of sea turtles ( = 6 for each species). For both oral and IV routes of administration, plasma metronidazole concentrations were maintained above 8 µg/ml for approximately 24 h and above 4 µg/ml for approximately 48 h; however, plasma concentrations of 8 µg/ml were reached within 5 min only for the IV route, versus 8 h for the oral route.
目前，针对海龟建立的安全有效的抗菌给药方案很少。抗生素的药代动力学评估是为特定物种制定准确给药指南的关键步骤。甲硝唑是一种对厌氧菌和某些原生动物有效的抗生素。对于大多数厌氧菌，甲硝唑的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）范围为0.25至4.0μg/ml。某些物种的MIC值高达8μg/ml，对于滴虫病（MIC为0.05μg/ml）、阿米巴病和贾第虫病的原生动物病原体，MIC范围为1至50μg/ml。本研究的目的是确定给予甲硝唑后的药代动力学参数，以帮助建立绿海龟、蠵龟和肯氏龟的物种特异性给药指南。以20mg/kg的剂量口服和静脉注射甲硝唑后，这三种海龟的药代动力学非常相似（每个物种n = 6）。对于口服和静脉注射给药途径，血浆甲硝唑浓度在约24小时内维持在8μg/ml以上，在约48小时内维持在4μg/ml以上；然而，仅静脉注射途径在5分钟内达到8μg/ml的血浆浓度，而口服途径为8小时。
