The potential of MAO inhibitors as chemotherapeutics in cancer: A literature survey.

Drug resistance in cancer is determined by genetic mutations and adaptations of tumor cells to drug treatments, raising a challenge in the treatment of cancer. Factors such as prolonged drug exposure, genetic variability among patients, and tumor heterogeneity have been established as contributors to rising incidence of drug resistance, prompting ongoing research into alternative therapies and combination treatments to overcome this challenge. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs), including both isoforms MAO-A and MAO-B, are mitochondrial enzymes responsible for the catabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. While these enzymes play a pivotal role in the nervous system, their role in tumorigenesis has garnered increasing attention in the last years. Recent studies, in fact, have highlighted the potential of MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) as antitumor agents, emphasizing their use as standalone treatments or in synergy with traditional anticancer therapies, focusing on pathways involved in tumorigenesis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MAOIs currently under study for their potential antitumor activity, focusing on their structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, and efficacy in preclinical and clinical settings, referencing key articles in the field.