Rede Diana, Vilarinho Rui, Moreira Joaquim Agostinho, Nizzetto Luca, Delerue-Matos Cristina, Fernandes Virgínia Cruz
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernandino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquimica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169- 007 Porto, Portugal.
Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169- 007 Porto, Portugal; IFIMUP-Instituto de Física dos Materiais Avançados, Nanotecnologia e Fotónica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169- 007 Porto, Portugal.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Feb 15;367:125550. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125550. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
In recent years, microplastic (MP) pollution has garnered significant attention owing to its ability to permeate various ecosystems, including soil. These particles can infiltrate the environment, either directly or through the degradation of larger plastic items. Despite growing concerns, standardized methods for quantification are still lacking. This study aimed to screen for the presence of MPs in agricultural soils while incorporating green analytical principles in the methodology. A density separation followed by centrifugation was employed, based on the principles of the QuEChERS extraction method. This approach minimized sample quantities, reagent consumption, and waste production, ensuring efficient extraction and analysis. Recovery tests using certified soils spiked with pristine MPs, specifically polystyrene, polypropylene (PP), and ethylene-vinyl acetate for larger MPs (3-5 mm), and low-density polyethylene, polyamide 6, and tire wear particles for smaller MPs (15-300 μm), achieved recovery levels exceeding 69% for smaller MPs and over 91% for larger particles. Spectroscopic analysis revealed slight alterations in the Raman spectra of MPs after extraction. Transitioning to agricultural soil analysis has revealed challenges, including spectral interferences. Nine mesoplastics (5-20 mm) were detected, predominantly consisting of PP and polyethylene (PE), along with seven MPs, three of which were individually identified as PE-based, while the remainder were inconclusive, including one fiber. The evaluation of the method's sustainability using the Analytical Eco-Scale and Analytical Greenness Calculator Metric (AGREE), with scores of 82 out of 100 and 0.66 out of 1, respectively, demonstrated its potential as a reliable approach to MP analysis in soils. This study highlights the potential of integrating green analytical chemistry principles into MP extraction methodologies and emphasizes the value of the proposed QuEChERs-based approach for improving the sustainability and efficiency of MP monitoring in agricultural soils.
近年来，微塑料（MP）污染因其能够渗透到包括土壤在内的各种生态系统而受到广泛关注。这些颗粒可以直接进入环境，也可以通过较大塑料制品的降解进入环境。尽管人们越来越担忧，但仍缺乏标准化的量化方法。本研究旨在筛查农业土壤中微塑料的存在情况，同时在方法中纳入绿色分析原则。基于QuEChERS萃取方法的原理，采用密度分离后离心的方法。这种方法最大限度地减少了样品用量、试剂消耗和废物产生，确保了高效的萃取和分析。使用添加了原始微塑料的认证土壤进行回收率测试，对于较大的微塑料（3 - 5毫米），具体为聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯（PP）和乙烯 - 醋酸乙烯酯，对于较小的微塑料（15 - 300微米），为低密度聚乙烯、聚酰胺6和轮胎磨损颗粒，较小微塑料的回收率超过69%，较大颗粒的回收率超过91%。光谱分析显示萃取后微塑料的拉曼光谱有轻微变化。转向农业土壤分析发现了一些挑战，包括光谱干扰。检测到9个中塑料（5 - 20毫米），主要由PP和聚乙烯（PE）组成，还有7个微塑料，其中3个被单独鉴定为基于PE，其余的不确定，包括1根纤维。使用分析生态规模和分析绿色度计算器指标（AGREE）对该方法的可持续性进行评估，得分分别为100分中的82分和1分中的0.66分，证明了其作为土壤中微塑料分析可靠方法的潜力。本研究强调了将绿色分析化学原理整合到微塑料萃取方法中的潜力，并强调了所提出的基于QuEChERS方法对于提高农业土壤中微塑料监测的可持续性和效率的价值。
