Tu Jia, Yan Mingdi
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
Small. 2024 Dec 19:e2408116. doi: 10.1002/smll.202408116.
Covalent functionalization of pristine graphene can modify its properties, enabling applications in optoelectronics, biomedical fields, environmental science, and energy. However, the chemical reactivity of pristine graphene is relatively low, and as such, methods have been developed to increase the reactivity of graphene. This review focuses on substrate engineering as an effective strategy to enhance the reactivity of graphene through strain and charge doping. Nanoparticles, metals with different crystal orientations, and stretchable polymers are employed to introduce strains in graphene, leading to enhanced chemical reactivity and increased degree of functionalization. Charge doping through orbital hybridization with metals and charge puddles induced by oxide substrates generally enhance the reactivity of graphene, while alkyl-modified surfaces and 2D materials often reduce graphene reactivity via charge screening and van der Waals interactions that increase the stability of the graphene layer, respectively. This review summarizes methods for creating and characterizing strains and charge doping in graphene and discusses their effects on the chemical functionalization of graphene in various reactions.
原始石墨烯的共价功能化可以改变其性质，使其能够应用于光电子学、生物医学领域、环境科学和能源领域。然而，原始石墨烯的化学反应活性相对较低，因此人们已经开发出各种方法来提高石墨烯的反应活性。本综述重点介绍了衬底工程，这是一种通过应变和电荷掺杂来提高石墨烯反应活性的有效策略。纳米颗粒、具有不同晶体取向的金属以及可拉伸聚合物被用于在石墨烯中引入应变，从而提高化学反应活性并增加功能化程度。通过与金属的轨道杂化进行电荷掺杂以及由氧化物衬底诱导的电荷 puddles 通常会增强石墨烯的反应活性，而烷基修饰的表面和二维材料通常会分别通过电荷屏蔽和范德华相互作用降低石墨烯的反应活性，这些相互作用会增加石墨烯层的稳定性。本综述总结了在石墨烯中产生和表征应变及电荷掺杂的方法，并讨论了它们在各种反应中对石墨烯化学功能化的影响。
