Pérez-Peris Francesc, Adrain Jonathan M, Daley Allison C
Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Present Address: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, 115 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
Swiss J Palaeontol. 2024;143(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Cheiruridae is one of the most diverse families of trilobites known from the Ordovician with 453 species assigned. Within Cheiruridae eight subfamilies (Acanthoparyphinae, Cheirurinae, "Cyrtometopinae", Deiphoninae, Eccoptochilinae, Heliomerinae, Pilekiinae, and Sphaerexochinae) have historically been recognised. Insights about the evolution of the family and the relationships within and between subfamilies have been published. However larger scale phylogenetic hypotheses are needed in order to explore the monophyly, the basal structure, the deep nodes and the relationships of the subfamilies. Cheirurinae, Deiphoninae and "Cyrtometopinae" have historically been defined by various morphological features (e.g., anteroposterior constriction of the thoracic pleura, pleural furrow morphology, pygidial morphology) that differentiate them from the rest of Cheiruridae. However, the phylogenetic status of "Cyrtometopinae" is unclear owing to a lack of obvious synapomorphies. Here, we present phylogenetic analyses of Cheirurinae, Deiphoninae, and "Cyrtometopinae". The results indicate that both Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae are monophyletic. "Cyrtometopines" are resolved as a paraphyletic grade at the base of Deiphoninae and Cyrtometopinae should be considered a junior subjective synonym of Deiphoninae. The new phylogenetic hypothesis reveals that paedomorphosis plays an important role in the evolution of Deiphoninae. Within Cheirurinae two major clades are identified, the '-like' clade and the '-like' clade.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1.
手尾虫科是已知来自奥陶纪的三叶虫中最多样化的科之一，已确定有453个物种。在手尾虫科中，历史上已识别出八个亚科（棘颊虫亚科、手尾虫亚科、“曲额虫亚科”、德伊丰虫亚科、隐唇虫亚科、日冕虫亚科、皮莱基虫亚科和球尾虫亚科）。关于该科的进化以及亚科内部和亚科之间的关系已有相关见解发表。然而，需要更大规模的系统发育假设来探究亚科的单系性、基部结构、深层节点以及它们之间的关系。手尾虫亚科、德伊丰虫亚科和“曲额虫亚科”历史上是通过各种形态特征（如胸肋的前后收缩、肋沟形态、尾甲形态）来定义的，这些特征将它们与手尾虫科的其他成员区分开来。然而，由于缺乏明显的共衍征，“曲额虫亚科”的系统发育地位尚不清楚。在这里，我们展示了对手尾虫亚科、德伊丰虫亚科和“曲额虫亚科”的系统发育分析。结果表明，手尾虫亚科和德伊丰虫亚科都是单系的。“曲额虫类”被解析为德伊丰虫亚科基部的一个并系类群，并且曲额虫亚科应被视为德伊丰虫亚科的一个次主观同物异名。新的系统发育假设表明幼态持续在德伊丰虫亚科的进化中起重要作用。在手尾虫亚科中识别出两个主要分支，即“-类”分支和“-类”分支。
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s13358-024-00338-1获取的补充材料。
