Milke Felix, Rodas-Gaitan Heberto, Meissner Georg, Masson Vincent, Oltmanns Meike, Möller Morten, Wohlfahrt Yvette, Kulig Boris, Acedo Alberto, Athmann Miriam, Fritz Jürgen
Department of Organic Farming and Cropping Systems, University of Kassel, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
Department of General and Organic Viticulture, University of Geisenheim, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
ISME Commun. 2024 Feb 5;4(1):ycae021. doi: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae021. eCollection 2024 Jan.
The potential of soils to maintain biological productivity, defined as soil health, is strongly influenced by human activity, such as agriculture. Therefore, soil management has always been a concern for sustainable agriculture and new methods that account for both soil health and crop yield must be found. Biofertilization using microbial inoculants emerges as a promising alternative to conventional interventions such as excessive mineral fertilization and herbicide use. Biodynamic preparations used as a central part of biodynamic agriculture have various effects on soil properties, such as microbial biomass and respiration. We conducted several biomarker experiments to infer the effect of biodynamic preparations on soil prokaryotic and fungal communities and compared results to organic management. Potential plant growth promoting amplicon sequence variants were quantified using a commercial database based on their taxonomic identity. We found significantly higher numbers of putative plant growth promoting amplicon sequence variants in biodynamically compared with organically treated soils. Furthermore, prokaryotic amplicon sequence variants enriched in biodynamic preparations were found in higher numbers in biodynamically treated soils, indicating successful colonization after treatment. Experiments were conducted at three locations in Germany and 21 locations in France covering different crops and soil types. Altogether, our results indicate that biodynamic preparations can act as biofertilizers that promote soil health by increasing the abundance of plant growth promoting microorganisms.
土壤维持生物生产力的潜力，即土壤健康，受到农业等人类活动的强烈影响。因此，土壤管理一直是可持续农业关注的问题，必须找到兼顾土壤健康和作物产量的新方法。使用微生物接种剂进行生物施肥成为一种有前景的替代方法，可替代过度施用矿物肥料和使用除草剂等传统干预措施。用作生物动力农业核心部分的生物动力制剂对土壤性质有多种影响，如微生物生物量和呼吸作用。我们进行了多项生物标志物实验，以推断生物动力制剂对土壤原核生物和真菌群落的影响，并将结果与有机管理进行比较。利用商业数据库根据潜在促进植物生长的扩增子序列变体的分类身份对其进行定量。我们发现，与有机处理土壤相比，生物动力处理土壤中推定促进植物生长的扩增子序列变体数量显著更多。此外，在生物动力处理土壤中发现，生物动力制剂中富集的原核扩增子序列变体数量更多，表明处理后成功定殖。实验在德国的三个地点和法国的21个地点进行，涵盖不同作物和土壤类型。总体而言，我们的结果表明，生物动力制剂可作为生物肥料，通过增加促进植物生长的微生物数量来促进土壤健康。
