Dehove Margot, Mikuni Jan, Podolin Nikita, Moser Martin Karl, Resch Bernd, Doerrzapf Linda, Boehm Pia Marlena, Prager Katharina, Leder Helmut, Oberzaucher Elisabeth
Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Front Psychol. 2024 Dec 5;15:1409086. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1409086. eCollection 2024.
While cities are attractive places, brimming with opportunities and possibilities for their inhabitants, they have also been found to have negative consequences, especially on physical and mental health. In a world of ever-growing urban populations, it is important to understand how to make cities healthier and more pleasant places to live. In the present study, we investigated the impact of art as an urban intervention and compared it to the well-known effects of greenery (i.e., plants and vegetation) in an identically framed intervention. Specifically, we looked at how people engage with a Graetzloase (a type of parklet) and its embedding urban environment in terms of visual and spatial attraction as well as wellbeing. The Graetzloase displayed either abstract art or greenery and was placed on two distinct streets that, among other elements, also contained art and greenery. Our field study captured the ongoing experiences during people's exploration of the urban environment by employing mobile eye-trackers and physiological devices. While our findings demonstrated a certain level of visual and spatial attraction towards the Graetzloases, it was not as pronounced as initially anticipated. Nevertheless, our analyses still inform on decorating element should be placed in a Graetzloase, as well as to implement the Graetzloase. Our results suggest that artistic elements are more visually attractive (i.e., they were looked at for longer times) than the greenery, and that both visual and spatial attraction towards the Graetzloases are greatly impacted by the street context. We found that the Art Graetzloase when displayed in a wide street containing greenery elements, is visually more present in the participant's visual field than all the other experimental combinations. The more precise analyses of the participant viewing behavior confirm this trend. Regarding wellbeing, we found no evidence for the impact of street context or the types of decorations in the Graetzloases. Our results establish an initial empirical foundation for the design and placement of not only future parklets but also urban art interventions in general.
虽然城市是充满吸引力的地方，为居民带来了大量机会和可能性，但人们也发现城市存在负面影响，尤其是对身心健康的影响。在城市人口不断增长的世界中，了解如何让城市成为更健康、更宜居的地方非常重要。在本研究中，我们调查了艺术作为一种城市干预措施的影响，并将其与同样框架下的绿化（即植物和植被）的著名效果进行了比较。具体而言，我们研究了人们如何从视觉和空间吸引力以及幸福感方面与格拉茨洛阿斯（一种小型公园）及其所在的城市环境进行互动。格拉茨洛阿斯展示了抽象艺术或绿化，并放置在两条不同的街道上，这些街道除了其他元素外，也包含艺术和绿化。我们的实地研究通过使用移动眼动仪和生理设备，捕捉了人们探索城市环境过程中的实时体验。虽然我们的研究结果表明人们对格拉茨洛阿斯有一定程度的视觉和空间吸引力，但并不像最初预期的那么明显。尽管如此，我们的分析仍为格拉茨洛阿斯中应放置何种装饰元素以及如何实施格拉茨洛阿斯提供了参考。我们的结果表明，艺术元素在视觉上比绿化更具吸引力（即人们注视它们的时间更长），并且对格拉茨洛阿斯的视觉和空间吸引力都受到街道环境的极大影响。我们发现，当艺术格拉茨洛阿斯展示在一条包含绿化元素的宽阔街道上时，在参与者的视野中比所有其他实验组合在视觉上更突出。对参与者观看行为的更精确分析证实了这一趋势。关于幸福感，我们没有发现街道环境或格拉茨洛阿斯中装饰类型产生影响的证据。我们的研究结果为未来小型公园的设计和布局，以及一般城市艺术干预措施建立了初步的实证基础。
