Mok Sophie, Almajed Yousef, Alomiery Abdulaziz, Soames Roger, Alashkham Abduelmenem
Anatomy, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Clin Anat. 2025 Nov;38(8):823-835. doi: 10.1002/ca.24253. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
Although the sternoclavicular joint shares structural similarities with the knee and hip joints as a diarthrodial joint, its biomechanics differ significantly due to its non-weight-bearing nature. Nevertheless, it is subject to considerable loading, leading to increased susceptibility to osteoarthritis, a prevalent condition characterized by the degeneration of the joint's articular surfaces and fibrocartilaginous intra-articular disc. The osteoarthritic degeneration of the fibrocartilaginous and cartilaginous surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint has been investigated, considering multiple factors. These include cell count, collagen alignment, surface fibrillation, cyst formation, and glycosaminoglycan content, with the findings deemed significant. However, current treatments for osteoarthritis of the sternoclavicular joint tend to focus on symptom management rather than active prevention of disease progression. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the anatomy, biomechanics, and morphological changes of the sternoclavicular joint during all stages of the osteoarthritic disease is essential for effective management to allow for maximum patient outcomes. This review explores the current literature on the anatomy of the sternoclavicular joint, starting with its structure and comparison to surrounding joints, biomechanics, and morphology, before considering the microanatomical changes that occur due to osteoarthritic degeneration. Early identification of osteoarthritic changes within this joint can enhance treatment and management outcomes before advancing joint degeneration, improving the quality of life for those affected.
虽然胸锁关节作为一个动关节与膝关节和髋关节在结构上有相似之处，但其生物力学因非负重性质而有显著差异。然而，它承受着相当大的负荷，导致患骨关节炎的易感性增加，骨关节炎是一种常见病症，其特征是关节面和关节内纤维软骨盘退变。考虑到多种因素，已经对胸锁关节纤维软骨和软骨表面的骨关节炎退变进行了研究。这些因素包括细胞计数、胶原排列、表面纤维化、囊肿形成和糖胺聚糖含量，研究结果具有重要意义。然而，目前胸锁关节骨关节炎的治疗往往侧重于症状管理，而不是积极预防疾病进展。因此，详细了解骨关节炎疾病各阶段胸锁关节的解剖结构、生物力学和形态变化对于有效管理至关重要，以便实现最佳的患者治疗效果。这篇综述探讨了关于胸锁关节解剖结构的现有文献，首先介绍其结构以及与周围关节的比较、生物力学和形态学，然后再考虑骨关节炎退变引起的微观解剖变化。在关节退变进展之前尽早识别该关节内的骨关节炎变化，可以改善治疗和管理效果，提高受影响者的生活质量。
