Schaffer Rose, Kang Yun-Seok, Marcallini Angelo, Pipkorn Bengt, Bolte John H, Agnew Amanda M
Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University.
Autoliv Research, Sweden.
Stapp Car Crash J. 2024 Dec;68:104-154. doi: 10.4271/2024-22-0006. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
Thoracic injuries, most frequently rib fractures, commonly occur in motor vehicle crashes. With an increased reliance on human body models (HBMs) for injury prediction in various crash scenarios, all thoracic tissues and structures require more comprehensive evaluation for improvement of HBMs. The objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of costal cartilage to whole rib bending properties in physical experiments. Fifteen bilateral pairs of 5th human ribs were included in this study. One rib within each pair was tested without costal cartilage while the other rib was tested with costal cartilage. All ribs were subjected to simplified A-P loading at 2 m/s until failure to simulate a frontal thoracic impact. Results indicated a statistically significant difference in force, structural stiffness, and yield strain between ribs with and without costal cartilage. On average, ribs with costal cartilage experienced a lower force but greater displacement with a longer time to fracture compared to isolated ribs. Comparisons were complicated by varying levels of calcification between costal cartilages and varying geometry with the inclusion of the costal cartilage. This study highlights the important effects of costal cartilage on rib properties and suggests an increased focus on costal cartilage in HBMs in future work.
胸部损伤，最常见的是肋骨骨折，在机动车碰撞事故中很常见。随着在各种碰撞场景中越来越依赖人体模型（HBMs）进行损伤预测，所有胸部组织和结构都需要更全面的评估以改进HBMs。本研究的目的是在物理实验中量化肋软骨对整个肋骨弯曲特性的贡献。本研究纳入了15对双侧第5根人类肋骨。每对中的一根肋骨在没有肋软骨的情况下进行测试，而另一根肋骨在有肋软骨的情况下进行测试。所有肋骨均以2 m/s的速度承受简化的前后加载直至破坏，以模拟正面胸部撞击。结果表明，有肋软骨和无肋软骨的肋骨在力、结构刚度和屈服应变方面存在统计学上的显著差异。平均而言，与孤立的肋骨相比，有肋软骨的肋骨承受的力较低，但位移较大，骨折时间较长。由于肋软骨之间钙化程度不同以及包含肋软骨后几何形状各异，使得比较变得复杂。本研究强调了肋软骨对肋骨特性的重要影响，并建议在未来的工作中在HBMs中更加关注肋软骨。
