膝关节内侧的当前趋势：不仅仅是内侧副韧带（MCL）。

Lucidi Gian Andrea, Solaro Luca, Grassi Alberto, Alhalalmeh Mohammad Ibrahim, Ratti Stefano, Manzoli Lucia, Zaffagnini Stefano

Clinica Ortopedica E Traumatologica 2, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli, 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.

Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

J Orthop Traumatol. 2024 Dec 20;25(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s10195-024-00808-9.

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is by far the most commonly injured ligament of the knee. The medial ligament complex covers a broad bony surface on the extraarticular portion of the femur and is highly vascularized, which allows for a high healing potential. For this reason, most MCL complex lesions were treated conservatively in the past. However, recent advancements regarding the MCL anatomy and kinematics highlighted the complex biomechanical behavior of the isolated and combined MCL lesion, and it is now fully appreciated that some MCL lesions warrant surgical treatment. The present review aims to provide the reader with an overview of the new evidence and advancement on the complex anatomy, biomechanics, and treatment of the MCL.

内侧副韧带（MCL）是目前膝关节最常受伤的韧带。内侧韧带复合体覆盖股骨关节外部分的宽阔骨面，且血管丰富，这使其具有较高的愈合潜力。因此，过去大多数内侧副韧带复合体损伤采用保守治疗。然而，最近关于内侧副韧带解剖学和运动学的进展突出了孤立和合并内侧副韧带损伤的复杂生物力学行为，现在人们充分认识到一些内侧副韧带损伤需要手术治疗。本综述旨在为读者提供有关内侧副韧带复杂解剖学、生物力学和治疗方面的新证据及进展的概述。