Chen Jing, Cai Meiting, Zhan Cheng
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
Neurosci Bull. 2025 Apr;41(4):665-675. doi: 10.1007/s12264-024-01335-7. Epub 2024 Dec 20.
In the face of constantly changing environments, the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly and accurately calculates the body's needs, regulates feeding behavior, and maintains energy homeostasis. The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) plays a key role in this process, serving as a critical brain region for detecting nutrition-related hormones and regulating appetite and energy homeostasis. Agouti-related protein (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the ARC are core elements that interact with other brain regions through a complex appetite-regulating network to comprehensively control energy homeostasis. In this review, we explore the discovery and research progress of AgRP neurons in regulating feeding and energy metabolism. In addition, recent advances in terms of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, along with the redundant neural mechanisms involved in energy metabolism, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the field of neural regulation of feeding and energy metabolism are briefly discussed.
面对不断变化的环境，中枢神经系统（CNS）能迅速且准确地计算身体的需求，调节进食行为，并维持能量稳态。下丘脑弓状核（ARC）在此过程中起关键作用，是检测营养相关激素以及调节食欲和能量稳态的关键脑区。ARC中的刺鼠相关蛋白（AgRP）/神经肽Y（NPY）神经元是核心要素，它们通过复杂的食欲调节网络与其他脑区相互作用，以全面控制能量稳态。在本综述中，我们探讨了AgRP神经元在调节进食和能量代谢方面的发现及研究进展。此外，还讨论了进食行为和能量稳态方面的最新进展，以及能量代谢中涉及的冗余神经机制。最后，简要讨论了进食和能量代谢神经调节领域的挑战与机遇。
