Schlappa Justine, Ghiringhelli Giacomo, Van Kuiken Benjamin E, Teichmann Martin, Miedema Piter S, Delitz Jan Torben, Gerasimova Natalia, Molodtsov Serguei, Adriano Luigi, Baranasic Bernard, Broers Carsten, Carley Robert, Gessler Patrick, Ghodrati Nahid, Hickin David, Hoang Le Phuong, Izquierdo Manuel, Mercadier Laurent, Mercurio Giuseppe, Parchenko Sergii, Stupar Marijan, Yin Zhong, Martinelli Leonardo, Merzoni Giacomo, Peng Ying Ying, Reuss Torben, Sreekantan Nair Lalithambika Sreeju, Techert Simone, Laarmann Tim, Huotari Simo, Schroeter Christian, Langer Burkhard, Giessel Tatjana, Buchheim Jana, Gwalt Grzegorz, Sokolov Andrey, Siewert Frank, Buechner Robby, Vaz da Cruz Vinicius, Eckert Sebastian, Liu Chun Yu, Sohrt Christian, Weniger Christian, Pietzsch Annette, Neppl Stefan, Senf Friedmar, Scherz Andreas, Föhlisch Alexander
European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld 22869, Germany.
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
J Synchrotron Radiat. 2025 Jan 1;32(Pt 1):29-45. doi: 10.1107/S1600577524010890.
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is an ideal X-ray spectroscopy method to push the combination of energy and time resolutions to the Fourier transform ultimate limit, because it is unaffected by the core-hole lifetime energy broadening. Also, in pump-probe experiments the interaction time is made very short by the same core-hole lifetime. RIXS is very photon hungry so it takes great advantage from high-repetition-rate pulsed X-ray sources like the European XFEL. The Heisenberg RIXS instrument is designed for RIXS experiments in the soft X-ray range with energy resolution approaching the Fourier and the Heisenberg limits. It is based on a spherical grating with variable line spacing and a position-sensitive 2D detector. Initially, two gratings were installed to adequately cover the whole photon energy range. With optimized spot size on the sample and small pixel detector the energy resolution can be better than 40 meV (90 meV) at any photon energy below 1000 eV with the high-resolution (high-transmission) grating. At the SCS instrument of the European XFEL the spectrometer can be easily positioned thanks to air pads on a high-quality floor, allowing the scattering angle to be continuously adjusted over the 65-145° range. It can be coupled to two different sample interaction chambers, one for liquid jets and one for solids, each state-of-the-art equipped and compatible for optical laser pumping in collinear geometry. The measured performances, in terms of energy resolution and count rate on the detector, closely match design expectations. The Heisenberg RIXS instrument has been open to public users since the summer of 2022.
共振非弹性X射线散射（RIXS）是一种理想的X射线光谱方法，可将能量分辨率和时间分辨率的组合推向傅里叶变换的极限，因为它不受芯孔寿命能量展宽的影响。此外，在泵浦-探测实验中，相同的芯孔寿命使得相互作用时间非常短。RIXS对光子需求极大，因此它能从欧洲XFEL等高重复率脉冲X射线源中受益匪浅。海森堡RIXS仪器专为软X射线范围内的RIXS实验设计，其能量分辨率接近傅里叶极限和海森堡极限。它基于一个具有可变线间距的球面光栅和一个位置敏感的二维探测器。最初，安装了两个光栅以充分覆盖整个光子能量范围。通过优化样品上的光斑尺寸和使用小像素探测器，在1000 eV以下的任何光子能量下，使用高分辨率（高透射率）光栅时，能量分辨率可优于40 meV（90 meV）。在欧洲XFEL的SCS仪器上，由于高质量地板上的气垫，光谱仪可以轻松定位，从而使散射角能够在65 - 145°范围内连续调节。它可以与两个不同的样品相互作用室耦合，一个用于液体射流，一个用于固体，每个都配备了最先进的设备，并且适用于共线几何结构中的光学激光泵浦。在能量分辨率和探测器计数率方面的测量性能与设计预期紧密匹配。自2022年夏季以来，海森堡RIXS仪器已向公众用户开放。
