Latash Mark L
Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Motor Control. 2024 Dec 20;29(1):69-98. doi: 10.1123/mc.2024-0082. Print 2025 Jan 1.
This article addresses the issue of using terms and concepts in motor control that are ill-defined, undefined, and/or imported from nonbiological fields. In many of such cases, the discourse turns nonscientific and unproductive. Some of such terms are potentially useful but need to be properly and exactly defined. Other terms seem to be misleading and nonfixable. There is also an intermediate group with terms that may or may not be useful if defined properly. The paper presents three examples per group: "reflex," "synergy," and "posture" versus "motor program," "efference copy," and "internal model" versus "muscle tone," "stiffness and impedance," and "redundancy." These terms are analyzed assuming that motor control is a branch of natural science, which must be analyzed using laws of nature, not a subfield of the control theory. In the discussion, we also accept the framework of the theory of movement control with spatial referent coordinates as the only example built on laws of nature with clearly formulated physical and physiological nature of the control parameters.
本文探讨了运动控制中使用的术语和概念存在定义不明确、未定义以及/或者从非生物领域引入的问题。在许多此类情况下，论述变得不科学且毫无成效。其中一些术语可能有用，但需要进行恰当且精确的定义。其他术语似乎具有误导性且无法修正。还有一组中间类型的术语，如果定义恰当，可能有用也可能无用。本文针对每组给出了三个例子：“反射”“协同作用”和“姿势”，与之相对的是“运动程序”“传出副本”和“内部模型”，以及“肌张力”“刚度和阻抗”和“冗余”。对这些术语进行分析时假定运动控制是自然科学的一个分支，必须依据自然规律进行分析，而非控制理论的一个子领域。在讨论中，我们还接受运动控制理论的框架，该框架以空间参照坐标为基础，是唯一基于具有明确阐述的物理和生理性质的控制参数的自然规律构建的例子。
