Liao Jiawen, Yan Weili, Zhang Yi, Berhane Kiros, Chen Wu, Yang Zhenchun, Qiu Chenyu, Ge Yihui, Bai Zhipeng, Han Bin, Xu Jia, Jiang Yong-Hui, Gilliland Frank D, Zhang Junfeng Jim, Huang Guoying, Chen Zhanghua
Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China.
Environ Res. 2025 Feb 15;267:120665. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120665. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
Gestational air pollution exposure was associated with childhood obesity. However, little is known about the effect of air pollution exposure during the preconception period, a critical window when environmental exposures may affect body growth trajectory and increase obesity risk. We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study of preconception women and their newborn children followed until 2 years old from metropolitan Shanghai, China to investigate the impact of preconception air pollution on childhood weight and body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories. Exposures to PM, PM, and NO during 3 months before conception and each trimester of pregnancy were estimated using high-resolution spatiotemporal models matched at residential addresses. Children's weight and BMI were assessed postnatally every three months. Multivariate and longitudinal models with piecewise linear mixed effects were used to examine the relationship between preconception air pollution and child growth trajectories of weight, BMI, and standardized BMI (BMIZ). The study population comprised 26,714 women in the baseline enrolled in preconception clinics and 5,834 children reached 2 years included in the analysis with 34,398 longitudinal weight and height measurements. One interquartile range (IQR) increase in preconception PM (16.2 μg/m) was associated with a 0.078 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.002-0.154, p = 0.04) increase in attained BMIZ and 1 IQR increase of PM (21.1 μg/m) were associated with an 0.093 (95% CI: 0.002-0.184, p = 0.04) kg/m increase in attained BMI, respectively, at the age of two years, after controlling for individual covariates and gestational air pollution exposure. Higher weight, BMI, and BMIZ growth rates during 6-24 months of life were also associated with higher preconception NO and PM exposure. Males and children born to mothers less than 35 years old or with overweight/obesity status were more affected by preconception air pollution exposure on weight growth. The 3-month preconception period was a critical time window for air pollution exposure.
孕期空气污染暴露与儿童肥胖有关。然而，对于孕前阶段空气污染暴露的影响却知之甚少，而孕前阶段是一个关键时期，环境暴露可能会影响身体生长轨迹并增加肥胖风险。我们对来自中国上海大都市的孕前女性及其新生儿进行了一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究，跟踪至儿童2岁，以调查孕前空气污染对儿童体重和体重指数（BMI）生长轨迹的影响。使用在居住地址匹配的高分辨率时空模型估算孕前3个月以及孕期各阶段的细颗粒物（PM）、可吸入颗粒物（PM）和二氧化氮（NO）暴露情况。产后每三个月评估一次儿童的体重和BMI。采用具有分段线性混合效应的多变量和纵向模型来研究孕前空气污染与儿童体重、BMI以及标准化BMI（BMIZ）生长轨迹之间的关系。研究人群包括26714名在孕前诊所登记的基线女性，以及5834名满2岁的儿童纳入分析，共有34398次纵向体重和身高测量数据。在控制个体协变量和孕期空气污染暴露后，孕前细颗粒物（16.2微克/立方米）每增加一个四分位数间距（IQR），2岁时达到的BMIZ增加0.078（95%置信区间（CI）：0.002 - 0.154，p = 0.04）；可吸入颗粒物（21.1微克/立方米）每增加1个IQR，达到的BMI增加0.093（95%CI：0.002 - 0.184，p = 0.04）千克/平方米。生命6 - 24个月期间较高的体重、BMI和BMIZ增长率也与孕前较高的二氧化氮和细颗粒物暴露有关。男性以及母亲年龄小于35岁或患有超重/肥胖症的儿童在体重增长方面受孕前空气污染暴露的影响更大。孕前3个月是空气污染暴露的关键时间窗口。
