Lagua Eddiemar Baguio, Mun Hong-Seok, Ampode Keiven Mark Bigtasin, Park Hae-Rang, Sharifuzzaman Md, Hasan Md Kamrul, Kim Young-Hwa, Yang Chul-Ju
Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, 255, Jungangno, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
Porcine Health Manag. 2024 Dec 20;10(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s40813-024-00408-3.
Respiratory disease is an economically important disease in the swine industry. Housing air quality control is crucial for maintaining the respiratory health of pigs. However, maintaining air quality is a limitation of current housing systems. This study evaluated the growth and health parameters of pigs raised under different environmental conditions and identified key environmental variables that determine respiratory health. Eighty (Largewhite × Landrace) × Duroc crossed growing pigs (31.71 ± 0.53 kg) were equally distributed into two identical climate-controlled houses with distinct environmental conditions (CON = normal conditions and TRT = poor conditions). Two-sample tests were performed to compare the means of the groups, and a random forest algorithm was used to identify the importance scores of the environmental variables to respiratory health.
Pigs in the TRT group were significantly exposed to high temperatures (28.44 vs 22.78 °C, p < 0.001), humidity (88.27 vs 61.86%, p < 0.001), CO (2,739.93 vs 847.91 ppm, p < 0.001), NH (20.53 vs 8.18 ppm, p < 0.001), and HS (14.28 vs 6.70 ppm, p < 0.001). Chronic exposure to these factors significantly reduced daily feed intake (1.82 vs 2.32 kg, p = 0.002), resulting in a significant reduction in average daily gain (0.72 vs 0.92 kg, p = 0.026), increased oxidative stress index (3.24 vs 1.43, p = 0.001), reduced cortisol levels (2.23 vs 4.07 mmol/L, p = 0.034), and deteriorated respiratory health status (74.41 vs 97.55, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a random forest model identified Min CO, Min NH, and Avg CO as the best predictors of respiratory health, and CO was strongly correlated with NH and HS concentrations.
These findings emphasize the critical importance of proper environmental management in pig farming and suggest that regular monitoring and control of either CO or NH, facilitated by environmental sensors and integration into intelligent systems, can serve as an effective strategy for improving respiratory health management in pigs.
呼吸道疾病是养猪业中一种在经济上很重要的疾病。猪舍空气质量控制对于维持猪的呼吸道健康至关重要。然而，维持空气质量是当前猪舍系统的一个限制因素。本研究评估了在不同环境条件下饲养的猪的生长和健康参数，并确定了决定呼吸道健康的关键环境变量。八十头（大白猪×长白猪）×杜洛克杂交生长猪（体重31.71±0.53千克）被平均分配到两个环境条件不同的相同气候控制猪舍中（CON =正常条件，TRT =恶劣条件）。进行双样本检验以比较两组的均值，并使用随机森林算法来确定环境变量对呼吸道健康的重要性得分。
TRT组的猪显著暴露于高温（28.44对22.78°C，p <0.001）、高湿度（88.27对61.86%，p <0.001）、一氧化碳（2,739.93对847.91 ppm，p <0.001）、氨气（20.53对8.18 ppm，p <0.001）和硫化氢（14.28对6.70 ppm，p <0.001）环境中。长期暴露于这些因素会显著降低日采食量（1.82对2.32千克，p = 0.002），导致平均日增重显著降低（0.72对0.92千克，p = 0.026），氧化应激指数升高（3.24对1.43，p = 0.001），皮质醇水平降低（2.23对4.07 mmol/L，p = 0.034），以及呼吸道健康状况恶化（74.41对97.55，p <0.001）。此外，随机森林模型确定最低一氧化碳浓度、最低氨气浓度和平均一氧化碳浓度是呼吸道健康的最佳预测指标，并且一氧化碳与氨气和硫化氢浓度密切相关。
这些发现强调了养猪场中适当环境管理的至关重要性，并表明通过环境传感器进行定期监测和控制一氧化碳或氨气，并将其集成到智能系统中，可以作为改善猪呼吸道健康管理的有效策略。
