Hsu Chou-Yi, Jamal Azfar, Kamal Mohammad Azhar, Ahmad Fuzail, Bokov Dmitry Olegovich, Mustafa Yasser Fakri, Saud Abdulnaser, Kulsum Syeda Nazia, Jawad Mohammed Abed, Gabble Baneen C
Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
Gene. 2025 Mar 10;940:149180. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.149180. Epub 2024 Dec 19.
Liver cancer ranks as the sixth most prevalent form of cancer and stands as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related fatalities on a global scale. The two primary types of liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). While ICC originates from the bile ducts, HCC develops from hepatocytes, which are the primary functional cells of the liver. In cases where liver cancer is detected in its early stages, it can be effectively treated through locoregional interventions such as surgical resection, Radiofrequency Ablation, Transarterial chemoembolization, or liver transplantation. However, HCC is typically diagnosed at advanced stages, rendering these treatment options ineffective due to the unresectable nature of the tumor. LncRNAs, a novel class of RNA molecules and epigenetic regulators, have emerged as key players in the development and advancement of different types of tumors. They exert their influence by regulating the expression of downstream genes in cancer-related signaling pathways, thereby promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Additionally, these transcripts have the ability to modify the activity and expression of tumor suppressors and oncogenes, further contributing to tumorigenesis. Recently, growing numbers of experiments have demonstrated the elevated expression of HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), a spliced and poly-adenylated lncRNA, in liver cancers and its association with cancer patient's prognosis and overall survival, as well as tumor cells' growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapies. This updated review will summarize molecular pathways by which lncRNA HOTAIR promotes liver cancer development, and highlight its diagnostic and therapeutic potential, though.
肝癌是全球第六大常见癌症类型，也是癌症相关死亡的第四大主要原因。肝癌的两种主要类型是肝细胞癌（HCC）和肝内胆管癌（ICC）。ICC起源于胆管，而HCC则由肝细胞发展而来，肝细胞是肝脏的主要功能细胞。如果肝癌在早期被检测到，可以通过局部区域干预措施进行有效治疗，如手术切除、射频消融、经动脉化疗栓塞或肝移植。然而，HCC通常在晚期才被诊断出来，由于肿瘤无法切除，这些治疗方法往往无效。长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）是一类新型的RNA分子和表观遗传调控因子，已成为不同类型肿瘤发生发展的关键因素。它们通过调节癌症相关信号通路中下游基因的表达来发挥作用，从而促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。此外，这些转录本能够改变肿瘤抑制因子和癌基因的活性和表达，进一步推动肿瘤发生。最近，越来越多的实验表明，HOX反义基因间RNA（HOTAIR），一种经过剪接和多聚腺苷酸化的lncRNA，在肝癌中表达升高，并且与癌症患者的预后、总生存期以及肿瘤细胞的生长、转移和对治疗的抗性相关。本综述将总结lncRNA HOTAIR促进肝癌发展的分子途径，并强调其诊断和治疗潜力。
