Ackermann Paul W, Juthberg Robin, Flodin Johanna
Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Trauma, Acute Surgery and Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Nov 29;6:1507402. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1507402. eCollection 2024.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) uses electrical impulses to induce muscle contractions, providing benefits in rehabilitation, muscle activation, and as an adjunct to exercise, particularly for individuals experiencing immobilization or physical disability. NMES technology has significantly progressed, with advancements in device development and a deeper understanding of treatment parameters, such as frequency, intensity, and pulse duration. These improvements have expanded NMES applications beyond rehabilitation to include enhanced post-exercise recovery, improved blood glucose uptake, and increased lower limb venous return, potentially reducing thrombotic risks. Despite its benefits, NMES faces challenges in user compliance, often due to improper electrode placement and discomfort during treatment. Research highlights the importance of optimizing stimulation parameters, including electrode positioning, to improve both comfort and treatment efficacy. Recent innovations, such as automated processes for locating optimal stimulation points and adaptable electrode sizes, aim to address these issues. When combined with wearable technologies, these innovations could improve NMES treatment adherence and deliver more consistent, long-term therapeutic outcomes for patients with various physical limitations. Together, these developments indicate a promising future for NMES, presenting a valuable tool to enhance the benefits of physical activity across diverse populations, from rehabilitative care to broader health and wellness applications.
神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）利用电脉冲诱发肌肉收缩，在康复、肌肉激活以及作为运动辅助手段方面具有益处，尤其适用于经历制动或身体残疾的个体。NMES技术取得了显著进展，在设备研发以及对治疗参数（如频率、强度和脉冲持续时间）的深入理解方面都有进步。这些改进使NMES的应用范围从康复扩展到包括运动后恢复增强、血糖摄取改善以及下肢静脉回流增加，有可能降低血栓形成风险。尽管有这些益处，但NMES在用户依从性方面面临挑战，这通常是由于电极放置不当和治疗期间的不适所致。研究强调了优化刺激参数（包括电极定位）对于提高舒适度和治疗效果的重要性。最近的创新，如用于定位最佳刺激点的自动化流程和可适配的电极尺寸，旨在解决这些问题。当与可穿戴技术相结合时，这些创新可以提高NMES治疗的依从性，并为有各种身体限制的患者提供更一致的长期治疗效果。总之，这些发展表明NMES前景广阔，是一种有价值的工具，可增强不同人群体育活动的益处，从康复护理到更广泛的健康和保健应用。
