Acuña-Rocha Victor D, Regalado-Ceballos Diego, Salcedo-Soto Daniela A, Ramos-Delgado César A, Esquivel-Valerio Jorge A, Hernandez Galarza Ivan J, Galarza-Delgado Dionicio A, Flores-Alvarado Diana E
Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, MEX.
Rheumatology, Plataforma INVEST Medicina UANL-Ker Unit Mayo Clinic México, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, MEX.
Cureus. 2024 Nov 21;16(11):e74148. doi: 10.7759/cureus.74148. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a prevalence of 1%, mainly affecting women aged 25-45. It is classified by the age of onset into young-onset rheumatoid arthritis (YORA, 16-65 years) and elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA, over 65 years), with EORA often presenting suddenly with systemic symptoms and large joint involvement due to age-related immune changes. This systematic review and meta-analysis compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of EORA and YORA. Observational studies were selected from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Database up to November 2023, focusing on a comparative analysis of both disease types with similar clinical progression and treatment duration limited to one month. Statistical analysis was performed in RStudio (Version 4.1.3, Posit Software, Boston, MA) using the "meta" package, applying a random effects model, inverse variance method, and Hartung-Knapp adjustment. Results for continuous variables were combined and grouped using the Cochrane formula, with medians and interquartile ranges transformed for uniformity. Four studies met the criteria. A trend was observed toward higher disease activity at diagnosis in the EORA group (mean difference (MD: 0.19, 95% CI -1.90 to 2.27), indicated by Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) indices (MD 6.17, 95% CI -20.60 to 32.94). The EORA group also had higher Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores (MD 0.21, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.46) and a greater number of painful (MD 1.31, 95% CI -0.86 to 3.47) and swollen joints (MD 2.35, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.92). Extra-articular manifestations, including rheumatoid nodules, lung involvement, and secondary Sjögren's syndrome, were more common in EORA patients (p < 0.004). In conclusion, the findings suggest that patients with EORA present with more intense disease activity at onset, a higher prevalence of extra-articular manifestations, greater levels of disability, and more pronounced radiographic changes. Despite these initial differences, EORA patients ultimately achieve long-term remission rates similar to those with YORA.
类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种慢性炎症性疾病,患病率为1%,主要影响25至45岁的女性。根据发病年龄,它可分为青年发病型类风湿关节炎(YORA,16至65岁)和老年发病型类风湿关节炎(EORA,65岁以上),由于与年龄相关的免疫变化,EORA常突然出现全身症状并累及大关节。本系统评价和荟萃分析比较了EORA和YORA的临床和流行病学特征。从截至2023年11月的PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane中央数据库中选取观察性研究,重点对临床进展相似且治疗持续时间限于1个月的两种疾病类型进行比较分析。在RStudio(版本4.1.3,Posit软件,马萨诸塞州波士顿)中使用“meta”包进行统计分析,应用随机效应模型、逆方差法和Hartung-Knapp调整。连续变量的结果使用Cochrane公式进行合并和分组,中位数和四分位数间距进行转换以保持一致性。四项研究符合标准。在EORA组中观察到诊断时疾病活动度有升高趋势(平均差(MD):0.19,95%置信区间-1.90至2.27),以疾病活动评分-28(DAS28)和简化疾病活动指数(SDAI)指数表示(MD 6.17,95%置信区间-20.60至32.94)。EORA组的健康评估问卷(HAQ)评分也更高(MD 0.21,95%置信区间-0.03至0.46),疼痛关节(MD 1.31,95%置信区间-0.86至3.47)和肿胀关节数量更多(MD 2.35,95%置信区间0.77至3.92)。关节外表现,包括类风湿结节、肺部受累和继发性干燥综合征,在EORA患者中更常见(p < 0.004)。总之,研究结果表明,EORA患者发病时疾病活动度更强,关节外表现患病率更高,残疾程度更高,影像学改变更明显。尽管存在这些初始差异,但EORA患者最终实现的长期缓解率与YORA患者相似。