Boson Karin, Anderberg Mats, Wenneberg Peter, Vlasman Sabina, Kapetanovic Sabina, Dahlberg Mikael
Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.
Department of Pedagogy and Learning, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden.
Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol. 2024 Dec 21;12(1):20240013. doi: 10.2478/sjcapp-2024-0013. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Adolescents with substance use problems (SUP) constitute a group expected to face increased mental health problems (MHP). SUP can exacerbate mental health issues while also serving as a coping mechanism. Understanding the interplay between psychological, substance-related, and social factors is crucial for shaping effective interventions for this demographic. This article presents a three-year follow-up study with adolescents who had outpatient treatment for SUP, focusing on MHP and psychiatric conditions.
This study aims to determine the prevalence of ongoing SUP and MHP in adolescents who received outpatient treatment at a specialized substance use clinic three years post-treatment initiation. Additionally, it seeks to explore psychosocial risk factors distinguishing adolescents with solely MHP from those with both MHP and persistent SUP (co-occurring problems) three years post-treatment initiation.
The study utilizes a longitudinal design, combining structured interview data at intervention onset with national register data at one- and three-years post-treatment initiation. A total of 451 adolescents participated, with 29% females and a median age of 17 years. Descriptive statistics and gender distribution of outcome groups are presented, alongside logistic regressions to assess the predictive value of risk factors for psychiatric conditions, substance use, and co-occurring conditions.
Nearly three-quarters of enrolled youth show no ongoing SUP, and one-third exhibit indications of MHP three years after treatment initiation. Risk factors diverge when distinguishing adolescents with MHP from those with co-occurring problems at the three-year mark post-treatment. School problems, depression, female gender, and low primary drug use increase the likelihood of solely exhibiting MHP.
Integrated outpatient clinics like Maria clinics could play a crucial role in early detection and management of both SUP and MHP. The findings offer hope, suggesting positive outcomes regarding substance use even for individuals with heavy risk loads or severe SUP.
有物质使用问题（SUP）的青少年是一个预计会面临更多心理健康问题（MHP）的群体。物质使用问题会加剧心理健康问题，同时也是一种应对机制。了解心理、与物质相关和社会因素之间的相互作用对于为这一人群制定有效的干预措施至关重要。本文介绍了一项对接受过SUP门诊治疗的青少年进行的为期三年的随访研究，重点关注心理健康问题和精神疾病状况。
本研究旨在确定在专门的物质使用诊所开始治疗三年后接受门诊治疗的青少年中持续存在的物质使用问题和心理健康问题的患病率。此外，它还试图探索在治疗开始三年后，将仅有心理健康问题的青少年与同时患有心理健康问题和持续性物质使用问题（共病问题）的青少年区分开来的心理社会风险因素。
该研究采用纵向设计，将干预开始时的结构化访谈数据与治疗开始后一年和三年的国家登记数据相结合。共有451名青少年参与，其中29%为女性，中位年龄为17岁。呈现了结果组的描述性统计和性别分布，以及逻辑回归，以评估风险因素对精神疾病、物质使用和共病状况的预测价值。
近四分之三登记的青少年在治疗开始三年后没有持续的物质使用问题，三分之一表现出心理健康问题的迹象。在治疗三年后区分有心理健康问题的青少年和有共病问题的青少年时，风险因素有所不同。学校问题、抑郁、女性性别和较低的初次药物使用增加了仅表现出心理健康问题的可能性。
像玛丽亚诊所这样的综合门诊诊所在物质使用问题和心理健康问题的早期发现和管理中可以发挥关键作用。研究结果带来了希望，表明即使对于风险负担重或严重物质使用问题的个体，在物质使用方面也有积极的结果。
