Agidie Aklilu, Wondie Ayalew, Beneberu Getachew
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
College of Science, Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 28;10(23):e40701. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40701. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.
Natural wetlands and paddy fields support a rich diversity of life forms. The study objective includes assessing the macrophyte community in relation to environmental variables and providing information on floristic compositions. The research is significant for determining the extent of disturbance and potential remedies from the standpoint of the health of the wetland ecosystem. Macrophytes were sampled and water quality parameters were measured from 20 sites across five wetlands. Cluster analysis grouped the sites into three categories based on their level of disturbance. An ordination method was employed to elucidate the gradients and relationships between environmental factors and species assemblages. Agricultural activities in the area disrupt wetland ecosystems, significantly altering vegetation composition and reducing biodiversity. These changes were primarily driven by variations in water quality and nutrient levels. In total, 37 macrophyte species were recorded in natural wetlands, while 33 species were identified in paddy fields. Key species, including and served as crucial animal fodder, while and supported the subsistence livelihoods of local communities. Dilmo Wetland exhibited the highest species richness in both natural wetlands (S = 29) and paddy fields (S = 21). The greatest Shannon-Wiener index values were observed at Dilmo Wetland, with H' values of (2.91) in natural wetlands and (2.67) in paddy fields, while Shesher Wetland had the highest dominance index (D = 0.28). Current research has shown that wetlands near the Lake Tana littoral zone faced the most severe disturbances due to human activities, seasonal flooding, and invasive species (), which caused significant declines in biodiversity. To preserve the biodiversity and ecosystem health in floodplain areas, implementing sustainable wetland management interventions is essential.
天然湿地和稻田孕育了丰富多样的生命形式。研究目标包括评估大型植物群落与环境变量的关系，并提供植物区系组成的信息。从湿地生态系统健康的角度来看，这项研究对于确定干扰程度和潜在补救措施具有重要意义。在五个湿地的20个地点采集了大型植物样本并测量了水质参数。聚类分析根据干扰程度将这些地点分为三类。采用排序方法来阐明环境因素与物种组合之间的梯度和关系。该地区的农业活动扰乱了湿地生态系统，显著改变了植被组成并降低了生物多样性。这些变化主要是由水质和养分水平的变化驱动的。天然湿地总共记录了37种大型植物物种，而稻田中鉴定出33种。关键物种，包括[此处原文缺失具体物种名称]，是重要的动物饲料，而[此处原文缺失具体物种名称]则维持了当地社区的生计。迪尔莫湿地在天然湿地（S = 29）和稻田（S = 21）中均表现出最高的物种丰富度。在迪尔莫湿地观察到最高的香农 - 维纳指数值，天然湿地的H'值为（2.91），稻田的H'值为（2.67），而谢舍尔湿地的优势度指数最高（D = 0.28）。目前的研究表明，塔纳湖沿岸地区附近的湿地由于人类活动、季节性洪水和入侵物种（[此处原文缺失具体物种名称]）而面临最严重的干扰，这导致生物多样性显著下降。为了保护洪泛区的生物多样性和生态系统健康，实施可持续的湿地管理干预措施至关重要。
