Burns E S, Harner R E, Kodali V, Afshari A A, Antonini J M, Leonard S S
Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, United States.
West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States.
Toxicol Rep. 2024 Dec 4;13:101851. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101851. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Thermal spray, in general, is a process that involves forcing a melted substance, such as metal or ceramic in the form of wire or powder, onto the surface of a targeted object to enhance its desired surface properties. In this paper, the melted substance is metal wire generated by an electric arc and forcibly coated on a rotary iron substrate using compressed air. This thermal process is referred to as double-wire arc thermal spray. The particles generated through these methods fall within the nanometer to micrometer agglomerate size range. There is concern regarding potential human health outcomes as these particles exhibit a similarity in particle morphology to welding fumes. Thermal spray wires with zinc (PMET540), iron and chromium (PMET731), and nickel (PMET885) as primary metal compositions were used to generate particulate via an electric arc wire thermal spray generator for exposure to human bronchial cells (BEAS-2B) to examine comparative toxicity ranging from 0 to 200 µg/mL. Resulting cellular viability was assessed through live cell counts, and percent cytotoxicity was measured as a function of LDH release. Oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and alteration in total antioxidant capacity were evaluated through DNA damage (COMET analysis) and antioxidant concentration at 0, 3.125, 25, and 100 µg/mL. Protein markers for endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were also assessed to determine inflammation and endothelial alteration.
indicate modulation of oxidative stress response in a material and dose dependent manner. PMET540 exhibited the greatest cytotoxic effect between wires and across doses. DNA damage and antioxidant concentration induced by PMET540 were significantly higher than other wires at higher doses (DNA damage increased at 25 and 100 µg/mL; Antioxidant concentration increased at 100 µg/mL). However, ET-1 concentration significantly increased only after application of 100 µg/mL PMET885. IL-6 and IL-8 were most highly expressed in BEAS2B culture after 25 µg/mL exposure to PMET540 (99.4 % Zn). This data suggests that metal composition of thermal spray wires dictates the diverse response in human bronchial cells.
一般来说，热喷涂是一种将熔化的物质（如金属丝或粉末形式的金属或陶瓷）喷射到目标物体表面以增强其所需表面性能的工艺。在本文中，熔化的物质是由电弧产生的金属丝，并使用压缩空气强制涂覆在旋转的铁基材上。这种热工艺被称为双丝电弧热喷涂。通过这些方法产生的颗粒尺寸在纳米到微米团聚尺寸范围内。由于这些颗粒在颗粒形态上与焊接烟尘相似，因此人们担心其对人类健康可能产生的影响。以锌（PMET540）、铁和铬（PMET731）以及镍（PMET885）作为主要金属成分的热喷涂丝，通过电弧丝热喷涂发生器产生颗粒，用于暴露于人类支气管细胞（BEAS-2B），以检测0至200μg/mL范围内的比较毒性。通过活细胞计数评估细胞活力，并将细胞毒性百分比作为乳酸脱氢酶释放的函数进行测量。通过DNA损伤（彗星分析）和0、3.125、25和100μg/mL时的抗氧化剂浓度评估氧化应激、遗传毒性和总抗氧化能力的变化。还评估了内皮素-1（ET-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-8（IL-8）的蛋白质标志物，以确定炎症和内皮变化。
表明氧化应激反应以材料和剂量依赖的方式受到调节。在不同的丝材和剂量之间，PMET540表现出最大的细胞毒性作用。在较高剂量下，PMET540诱导的DNA损伤和抗氧化剂浓度显著高于其他丝材（DNA损伤在25和100μg/mL时增加；抗氧化剂浓度在100μg/mL时增加）。然而，仅在应用100μg/mL PMET885后，ET-1浓度才显著增加。在暴露于25μg/mL PMET540（99.4%锌）后，BEAS2B培养物中IL-6和IL-8的表达最高。这些数据表明，热喷涂丝的金属成分决定了人类支气管细胞中的不同反应。
