Antonini J M, Krishna Murthy G G, Rogers R A, Albert R, Ulrich G D, Brain J D
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Sep;140(1):188-99. doi: 10.1006/taap.1996.0212.
The objectives of this study were to compare different welding fumes in regard to their potential to elicit lung inflammation or injury and to examine possible mechanisms whereby welding fumes may damage the lungs. Fume was collected on filters from conventional spray [mild steel (MS-SPRAY) or stainless steel (SS-SPRAY) electrode wire] or pulsed current [mild steel (MS-PULSE) electrode wire] gas-shielded metal arc welding. Rats were given one of the three welding fume samples by intratracheal instillation (1.0 mg/100 g body wt). Other rats received a relatively inert dust (iron oxide), a pneumotoxic dust (crystalline silica), or a vehicle control (saline). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 1, 7, 14, and 35 days postinstillation, and indicators of pulmonary damage [cellular differential, albumin, as well as, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-n-acetyl glucosaminidase release] were assessed. One day postinstillation, some evidence of lung inflammation (more neutrophils) was observed for all particle groups, while increased BAL TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta were observed only in the SS-SPRAY and silica groups. By 14 days, lungs appeared normal among the MS-SPRAY, MS-PULSE, and iron oxide groups. At 14 and 35 days postinstillation, elevated pulmonary responses persisted for the animals exposed to silica and the SS-SPRAY welding fume. By 35 days, however, the SS-SPRAY group approached control levels, while the injury induced by silica increased. Using magnetometric estimates of welding fumes, we observed that MS-SPRAY fume was cleared from the lungs at a faster rate than the SS-SPRAY particles. We have demonstrated that the SS-SPRAY fume has more pneumotoxicity than MS fumes. This difference may reflect a greater retention of the SS-SPRAY particles in the lungs and different elemental composition of the fume. The SS-SPRAY fume also had enhanced release of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta from lung cells soon after fume instillation. In contrast, we saw no influence of the power supply on particle size, composition, or toxicity.
本研究的目的是比较不同焊接烟尘引发肺部炎症或损伤的可能性，并探究焊接烟尘可能损害肺部的潜在机制。通过过滤器收集传统喷雾[低碳钢（MS-SPRAY）或不锈钢（SS-SPRAY）焊丝]或脉冲电流[低碳钢（MS-PULSE）焊丝]气体保护金属电弧焊产生的烟尘。通过气管内滴注（1.0毫克/100克体重），给大鼠三种焊接烟尘样品中的一种。其他大鼠接受相对惰性的粉尘（氧化铁）、肺毒性粉尘（结晶二氧化硅）或载体对照（生理盐水）。在滴注后1、7、14和35天进行支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL），并评估肺损伤指标[细胞分类、白蛋白以及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、乳酸脱氢酶和β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶释放]。滴注后1天，所有颗粒组均观察到一些肺部炎症迹象（更多中性粒细胞），而仅在SS-SPRAY组和二氧化硅组中观察到BAL中TNF-α和IL-1β增加。到14天时，MS-SPRAY组、MS-PULSE组和氧化铁组的肺部看起来正常。在滴注后14天和35天，暴露于二氧化硅和SS-SPRAY焊接烟尘的动物肺部反应持续升高。然而，到35天时，SS-SPRAY组接近对照水平，而二氧化硅引起的损伤增加。通过对焊接烟尘的磁力测定估计，我们观察到MS-SPRAY烟尘从肺部清除的速度比SS-SPRAY颗粒快。我们已经证明，SS-SPRAY烟尘比MS烟尘具有更强的肺毒性。这种差异可能反映了SS-SPRAY颗粒在肺部的保留更多以及烟尘的元素组成不同。在烟尘滴注后不久，SS-SPRAY烟尘还增强了肺细胞中TNF-α和IL-1β的释放。相比之下，我们未发现电源对颗粒大小、组成或毒性有影响。
