Huang Wenwei, Zhou Jiayi, Zhang Yan, Sun Yining, Yang Dongye, Tang Jianguo, Artemyev Mikhail, Li Jun
School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China.
Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Centre of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Jan 8;17(1):2624-2634. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c18410. Epub 2024 Dec 25.
Soft actuators are limited by single-mode driving technology, which poses challenges in dealing with complex and multidimensional movements. In this study, a multiresponsive soft actuator was fabricated by integrating a microwrinkling structure into an MXene-based film, enabling programmable motions. To achieve this, we introduced -hexane into the film preparation process and utilized its rapid volatilization to accelerate the shrinkage difference between the film and the substrate. This resulted in anisotropic folding and excellent mechanical properties. Due to the remarkable moisture absorption and excellent toughness of MXene-based films, it exhibits rapid actuation in response to moisture gradients and light stimuli with large bending deformation, fast actuation speed, as well as excellent stability and durability. The anisotropic expansion and mechanical properties of the film enable it to have capability of three-dimensional shape-programmable configuration control. Furthermore, taking advantage of the exceptional photothermal properties of MXene-based films, we developed light-driven actuators that utilize the Marangoni effect for propulsion on the water surface, enabling programmable navigational control. Such a soft actuator has a broad applications prospect in the fields of biomimetic botanical models, terrestrial crawlers, and aquatic surface transport devices.
软驱动器受限于单模驱动技术，这在处理复杂的多维运动时带来了挑战。在本研究中，通过将微皱纹结构集成到基于MXene的薄膜中制备了一种多响应软驱动器，实现了可编程运动。为此，我们在薄膜制备过程中引入正己烷，并利用其快速挥发来加速薄膜与基底之间的收缩差异。这导致了各向异性折叠和优异的机械性能。由于基于MXene的薄膜具有显著的吸湿性能和优异的韧性，它在响应湿度梯度和光刺激时表现出快速驱动，具有大的弯曲变形、快速的驱动速度以及优异的稳定性和耐久性。薄膜的各向异性膨胀和机械性能使其具有三维形状可编程配置控制能力。此外，利用基于MXene的薄膜优异的光热性能，我们开发了利用马兰戈尼效应在水面上推进的光驱动驱动器，实现了可编程导航控制。这种软驱动器在仿生植物模型、陆地爬行器和水上表面运输设备等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
