Bamlaku Golla Eyasu, Geremew Habtamu, Abate Alegntaw, Ahmed Ali Mohammed, Simegn Mulat Belay, Wondie Smegnew Gichew, Kumbi Hawi, Kuse Samuel Abdisa
College of Health Sciences, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Dec 11;12:1387861. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1387861. eCollection 2024.
Although proper latrine utilization is one of the best ways to reduce the risk of infection, it remains a challenge in the majority of rural communities in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Studies have demonstrated the link between individual behavior and latrine use, but there is a paucity of evidence on individual risk perception, perceived social pressure norms, social identity, and perceived ability, which plays an indubitable role in health and behavior change, especially in rural communities.
This study aimed to identify contextual and psychosocial factors associated with latrine utilization among rural communities in Lomabosa district, Ethiopia.
A rural community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2022 among rural households (HHs) in Lomabosa district, Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling method was used to select participant households. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews and on-the-spot observations. Stata version 14.1 software was used for statistical analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to run the bivariable and multivariable analysis of the data. Variables with < 0.25 at bivariable logistic regression analysis were entered into the multivariable analysis. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of the association, and the statistical significance was declared at < 0.05.
Of the 682 computed sample sizes, 665 households participated in this study with a response rate of 97%. Accordingly, our analysis found that 67% (95% CI, 63.7-70.5) of households utilize their latrine properly. Educational status (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.01-2.08), wealth index (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.23-3.58), perceived susceptibility (AOR 3.2; 95% CI: 1.26-5.14), injunctive norm (AOR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.13-3.18), and perceived ability (AOR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.04-3.79) were identified as contextual and psychosocial factors associated with latrine utilization.
This study found that educational status, wealth index, perceived susceptibility, injunctive norm, and perceived ability were the contextual and psychosocial factors associated with latrine utilization. Therefore, information intervention for the low perception of health risk, persuasive and normative interventions for changing norm factors, and infrastructural and other ability support for ability factors should be addressed.
尽管正确使用厕所是降低感染风险的最佳方法之一，但在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家的大多数农村社区，这仍然是一项挑战。研究已经证明了个人行为与厕所使用之间的联系，但关于个人风险认知、感知到的社会压力规范、社会身份和感知能力的证据却很少，而这些因素在健康和行为改变中起着不容置疑的作用，尤其是在农村社区。
本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚洛马博萨区农村社区中与厕所使用相关的背景和社会心理因素。
2022年6月，在埃塞俄比亚洛马博萨区的农村家庭中开展了一项基于农村社区的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样方法选择参与家庭。通过面对面访谈和现场观察，使用经过预测试的结构化问卷收集数据。使用Stata 14.1软件进行统计分析。采用二元逻辑回归模型对数据进行双变量和多变量分析。在双变量逻辑回归分析中P<0.25的变量被纳入多变量分析。调整后的优势比（AOR）及其95%置信区间（CI）用于显示关联强度，P<0.05表示具有统计学意义。
在计算出的682个样本量中，665户家庭参与了本研究，回复率为97%。据此，我们的分析发现，67%（95%CI，63.7-70.5）的家庭正确使用了他们的厕所。教育程度（AOR=2.01；95%CI：1.01-2.08）、财富指数（AOR=2.3；95%CI：1.23-3.58）、感知易感性（AOR 3.2；95%CI：1.26-5.14）、指令性规范（AOR 1.9；95%CI：1.13-3.18）和感知能力（AOR 1.9；95%CI：1.04-3.79）被确定为与厕所使用相关的背景和社会心理因素。
本研究发现，教育程度、财富指数、感知易感性、指令性规范和感知能力是与厕所使用相关的背景和社会心理因素。因此，应针对健康风险认知较低的情况进行信息干预，针对规范因素进行说服性和规范性干预，并针对能力因素提供基础设施和其他能力支持。
