Walczak Radosław, Błońska Katarzyna, Zdybek Przemysław, Kardasz Zofia
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2024 Dec 21;17:4355-4367. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S483264. eCollection 2024.
The aim of the research was to determine the personality and situational predictors of helping behavior towards war refugees from Ukraine in 2022.
A survey with repeated measurement was conducted, in which 720 people participated in the first date in March 2022 and in the next one in June 2022, n = 127. The study was conducted online, and the respondents were recruited through advertisements on websites and groups helping refugees. In the context of personality factors, five basic personality traits (IPIP-20), the degree of altruism (IPIP Altruism scale) and locus of control (Drwal's Delta Scale), and trait anxiety (STAI) were measured. The main situational factors included the sense of threat of armed conflict (GAD-7), the level of state anxiety (STAI) and the amount of time spent following information about the war in the media. In addition, the level of social distance towards Russians and Ukrainians was measured (Bogardus Scale), and basic birth data were recorded.
Based on the above variables, a significant linear regression model was built, explaining more than half of the variance in the phenomenon of continuous helping. The important role of both personality factors - altruism, and situational factors such as state anxiety or social distance towards Russians was demonstrated. Moreover, people with a high level of altruism keep helping the refugees regardless of their level of feeling threatened after the war's outbreak, while people with a lower level of altruism keep on helping only when their sense of threat is high.
The level of altruism, perceived situational anxiety and attitude towards the aggressor (in this case Russia) are important factors supporting continuous helping refugees from Ukraine.
本研究旨在确定2022年帮助乌克兰战争难民行为的人格和情境预测因素。
进行了一项重复测量的调查，2022年3月第一次有720人参与，2022年6月第二次有127人参与。研究通过网络进行，受访者通过网站广告和帮助难民的群组招募。在人格因素方面，测量了五种基本人格特质（IPIP - 20）、利他主义程度（IPIP利他主义量表）、控制点（德瓦尔三角量表）和特质焦虑（STAI）。主要情境因素包括武装冲突的威胁感（GAD - 7）、状态焦虑水平（STAI）以及在媒体上关注战争信息所花费的时间。此外，测量了对俄罗斯人和乌克兰人的社会距离水平（博加德斯量表），并记录了基本出生数据。
基于上述变量，建立了一个显著的线性回归模型，解释了持续帮助现象中一半以上的方差。证明了人格因素——利他主义，以及情境因素如状态焦虑或对俄罗斯人的社会距离的重要作用。此外，利他主义水平高的人无论战争爆发后其受威胁程度如何都持续帮助难民，而利他主义水平低的人只有在威胁感高时才持续提供帮助。
利他主义水平、感知到的情境焦虑以及对侵略者（在这种情况下是俄罗斯）的态度是支持持续帮助乌克兰难民的重要因素。
