Gavrilov-Zimin Ilya A
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia.
Comp Cytogenet. 2024 Dec 17;18:247-276. doi: 10.3897/compcytogen.18.136095. eCollection 2024.
The paper elaborates theoretical basis of the origin of aphid cyclical parthenogenesis in view of the original life of these insects in strobiloid galls on spp. The period of gall opening is greatly extended in time, which prevents normal panmixia and creates a selective advantage for parthenogenetic reproduction. Migration of aphids to secondary host plants, on which closed galls never form, parthenogenetic reproduction on these plants, and the subsequent simultaneous return of "remigrants" to the main host plant make it possible to synchronize the development of the bisexual generation and achieve mass panmixia at the end of the life cycle only; it coincides with the end of summer growth shoots or the autumn end of the vegetation period as a whole. The evolutionary transition of aphids from conifers to angiosperms in the Cretaceous period in parallel meant the possibility of development in more spacious galls accommodating several consecutive parthenogenetic generations, the transition to viviparity and telescopic embryonization, significantly accelerating the propagation.
本文从这些昆虫在 spp. 的球果状虫瘿中的原始生活角度阐述了蚜虫周期性孤雌生殖起源的理论基础。虫瘿开放期在时间上大大延长，这阻碍了正常的随机交配，并为孤雌生殖创造了选择优势。蚜虫迁移到次生寄主植物上，在这些植物上不会形成封闭的虫瘿，在这些植物上进行孤雌生殖，随后“回迁者”同时返回主要寄主植物，使得双性世代的发育得以同步，并且仅在生命周期结束时实现大规模随机交配；这与夏末生长枝的结束或整个植被期的秋季结束相吻合。在白垩纪时期，蚜虫从针叶树向被子植物的进化转变同时意味着有可能在更宽敞的虫瘿中发育，容纳几个连续的孤雌生殖世代，向胎生和伸缩式胚胎发育转变，显著加速了繁殖。
