Zargar Shabir A, Reshi Zafar A, Ganie Aijaz H, Dutt Harish Chander, Shah Manzoor A, Sharma Namrata
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India.
Department of Botany, North Campus, Delina, Baramulla, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Dec 26;197(1):99. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13479-0.
The broad-scale inventories of alien species reveal macroecological patterns, but these often fall short in guiding local-level management strategies. Local authorities, tasked with on-the-ground management, require precise knowledge of the occurrence of invasive species tailored to their jurisdictional boundaries. What proves critical at the local scale may not hold the same significance at national or regional levels. In this context, we present a comprehensive inventory of alien vascular plant species across the ecologically diverse Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh (JKL) regions of India. Our study identifies 312 alien plant species belonging to 210 genera and 61 families. These alien plant species are predominantly herbaceous dicots. Of these, ca. 62% are naturalized, and 28% exhibit invasive behavior in the region. Introductions have been primarily unintentional, with a notable fraction (26%) introduced for ornamental purposes. The families with the highest number of alien plant species are Asteraceae (46 species), Fabaceae (28 species), and Amaranthaceae (23 species). The genera with the most species are Amaranthus (10 species), Solanum (8 species), Iris (7 species), and Oenothera (5 species). The Jammu region has the highest number of alien plant species, with 221 documented species, including 99 unique to this region. This is followed by the Kashmir Himalaya, with 212 alien species, 70 of which are exclusive to the area. In Ladakh, 76 alien species are recorded, with only one exclusive to the region. Fifty-five alien species are common across all three regions. In each region, more than 50% of species are naturalized, while invasive species constitute about 30% of the total. Therophytes are the dominant life-form category across all regions. Only 18% of species are shared across the three regions. Our findings emphasize the imperative of integrating local-scale knowledge into invasion management frameworks, ensuring targeted and effective strategies aligned with local administrative capacities. By bridging the gap between broad ecological patterns and localized management needs, our study advocates for a nuanced approach to invasive species management that accounts for regional and local specificity.
外来物种的大规模清查揭示了宏观生态模式，但这些模式往往不足以指导地方层面的管理策略。负责实地管理的地方当局需要精确了解与其管辖边界相适应的入侵物种的分布情况。在地方层面至关重要的因素，在国家或区域层面可能并不具有同等重要性。在此背景下，我们提供了一份涵盖印度生态多样的查谟、克什米尔和拉达克（JKL）地区外来维管植物物种的全面清单。我们的研究识别出312种外来植物物种，分属于210属61科。这些外来植物物种主要是草本双子叶植物。其中，约62%已归化，28%在该地区表现出入侵行为。引入主要是无意的，相当一部分（26%）是出于观赏目的引入的。外来植物物种数量最多的科是菊科（46种）、豆科（28种）和苋科（23种）。物种最多的属是苋属（10种）、茄属（8种）、鸢尾属（7种）和月见草属（5种）。查谟地区的外来植物物种数量最多，有221种有记录物种，其中99种为此地区特有。其次是克什米尔喜马拉雅地区，有212种外来物种，其中70种为此地区独有。在拉达克，记录到76种外来物种，其中只有1种为此地区特有。55种外来物种在所有三个地区都有分布。在每个地区，超过50%的物种已归化，而入侵物种约占总数的30%。一年生植物是所有地区占主导地位的生活型类别。只有占比18%的物种在三个地区都有分布。我们的研究结果强调了将地方层面的知识纳入入侵管理框架的必要性，确保制定与地方行政能力相匹配且有针对性的有效策略。通过弥合广泛的生态模式与地方管理需求之间的差距，我们的研究倡导一种考虑到区域和地方特殊性的细致入微的入侵物种管理方法。
