Roy Roniyamol, Raman K Janaki, Raj E Aravind, Varambally Shivarama
Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2025 Jan;103:104343. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104343. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Homelessness embodies a prevalent societal issue that results in extensive socio-economic ramifications. Residential rehabilitation establishments, including shelters and mental health facilities, offer essential assistance to individuals with insecure housing situations. The healthcare providers within these facilities struggle to effectively tackle the underlying issues faced by homeless individuals, often due to a variety of socio-economic factors.
The study evaluates the mental health knowledge, practices, attitudes, and training needs of the care providers in the rehabilitation centres for homeless persons with mental illness.
A qualitative exploratory research design using FGDs with care providers and expert interviews. Purposive sampling has been used to recruit care providers and experts. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data obtained.
The major themes emerged out of thematic analysis were characteristics and needs of the homeless persons with mental illness admitted to the institution, concerns of care providers on the services they offer, barriers and challenges in healthcare extended in institutions, diverse rehabilitation needs of the homeless population, training needs of the care providers including mental health knowledge, preparedness to work with homeless population, managing support needs of the homeless population, and the skills in empowering the homeless persons with mental illness.
The findings emphasize the importance of proficient healthcare providers in aiding and enhancing the rehabilitation of homeless individuals suffering from mental disorders within institutional settings. There is an urgent need to strengthen the economic and social resources in institutions to create a more inclusive environment for the homeless population.
无家可归是一个普遍存在的社会问题，会产生广泛的社会经济影响。包括收容所和心理健康设施在内的住宅康复机构为住房无保障的个人提供了必要的帮助。这些机构中的医疗服务提供者往往因各种社会经济因素而难以有效解决无家可归者面临的根本问题。
本研究评估了为患有精神疾病的无家可归者提供康复服务的机构中护理人员的心理健康知识、实践、态度和培训需求。
采用焦点小组讨论（FGDs）与护理人员进行交流，并进行专家访谈的定性探索性研究设计。采用目的抽样法招募护理人员和专家。运用主题分析法对所获得的数据进行分析。
主题分析得出的主要主题包括入住该机构的患有精神疾病的无家可归者的特征和需求、护理人员对其所提供服务的担忧、机构提供医疗服务时的障碍和挑战、无家可归者群体的多样化康复需求、护理人员的培训需求，包括心理健康知识、与无家可归者群体合作的准备情况、管理无家可归者群体的支持需求，以及增强患有精神疾病的无家可归者能力的技能。
研究结果强调了专业医疗服务提供者在帮助和促进机构环境中患有精神障碍的无家可归者康复方面的重要性。迫切需要加强机构中的经济和社会资源，为无家可归者群体创造一个更具包容性的环境。
