Murray M J, Crowell-Davis S L
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1985 Feb 15;186(4):381-3.
A 4-year-old mixed-breed gelding was presented with colic-type behavior of 5 days' duration that included pawing, looking at the flank area, and kicking and biting at the abdomen and flank when it was eating hay or grain. Medical evaluation did not reveal the cause of the "colic." During its stay in the hospital, the horse improved as regarded the colic-type behavior while eating, but resumed this behavior when it was able to see hay that it was not allowed to eat. It was determined that the persistent colic-type behavior developed as a result of the horse having been repeatedly displaced from its food by other horses. When the horse performed the colic-type behavior, the owner would remain with it and effectively protect it from competitors. The initial bout of colic may have been a result of true colic, psychosomatic colic secondary to stress, redirected aggression, or displacement activity.
一匹4岁的混血种公马出现了持续5天的绞痛样行为，包括刨地、看向侧腹部位，以及在吃干草或谷物时踢咬腹部和侧腹。医学评估未发现“绞痛”的病因。在住院期间，这匹马在进食时绞痛样行为有所改善，但当它能看到不允许它吃的干草时，又恢复了这种行为。经判断，持续的绞痛样行为是由于这匹马多次被其他马匹从食物旁赶走而产生的。当这匹马表现出绞痛样行为时，主人会一直陪着它，并有效地保护它免受其他马匹的干扰。最初的绞痛发作可能是真正的绞痛、因压力导致的心身性绞痛、 redirected aggression（此处可能有误，推测可能是“ redirected aggression”，即 redirected aggression 意为“转向攻击”，可能是指攻击行为的转移，比如原本针对其他事物的攻击行为转移到自身表现出类似绞痛的行为）或替代活动的结果。 （注：“redirected aggression”的准确含义需结合更多背景信息进一步确定，这里是根据推测翻译，仅供参考。）
