Panconi Giulia, Sorgente Vincenzo, Guarducci Sara, Bravi Riccardo, Minciacchi Diego
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Dec 11;9(4):267. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040267.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fine motor movements are essential for daily activities, such as handwriting, and rely heavily on visual information to enhance motor complexity and minimize errors. Tracing tasks provide an ecological method for studying these movements and investigating sensorimotor processes. To date, our understanding of the influence of different quantities of visual information on fine motor control remains incomplete. Our study examined how variations in the amount of visual feedback affect motor performance during handwriting tasks using a graphic pen tablet projecting on a monitor.
Thirty-seven right-handed young adults (20 to 35 years) performed dot-to-dot triangle tracing tasks under nine experimental conditions with varying quantities of visual cues. The conditions and triangle shape rotations were randomized to avoid motor training or learning effects. Motor performance metrics, including absolute error, time of execution, speed, smoothness, and pressure, were analyzed.
As visual information increased, absolute error (from 6.64 mm to 2.82 mm), speed (from 99.28 mm/s to 57.19 mm/s), and smoothness (from 4.17 mm/s to 0.80 mm/s) decreased, while time of execution increased (from 12.68 s to 20.85 s), reflecting a trade-off between accuracy and speed. Pressure remained constant across conditions (from 70.35 a.u. to 74.39). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a moderate to strong correlation between absolute error and time of execution across conditions. The Friedman test showed significant effects of experimental conditions on all motor performance metrics except for pressure, with Kendall's W values indicating a moderate to strong effect size.
These findings deepen our understanding of sensorimotor integration processes and could potentially have implications for optimizing motor skills acquisition and training and developing effective rehabilitation strategies.
背景/目的：精细运动对于诸如书写等日常活动至关重要，并且严重依赖视觉信息来提高运动复杂性并减少错误。追踪任务为研究这些运动和调查感觉运动过程提供了一种生态学方法。迄今为止，我们对不同数量的视觉信息对精细运动控制的影响的理解仍不完整。我们的研究使用投射在显示器上的图形数位板，研究了视觉反馈量的变化如何影响书写任务期间的运动表现。
37名右利手的年轻成年人（20至35岁）在九种具有不同数量视觉线索的实验条件下执行逐点三角形追踪任务。条件和三角形形状旋转是随机的，以避免运动训练或学习效应。分析了运动表现指标，包括绝对误差、执行时间、速度、平滑度和压力。
随着视觉信息增加，绝对误差（从6.64毫米降至2.82毫米）、速度（从99.28毫米/秒降至57.19毫米/秒）和平滑度（从4.17毫米/秒降至0.80毫米/秒）降低，而执行时间增加（从12.68秒增至20.85秒），这反映了准确性和速度之间的权衡。压力在各条件下保持恒定（从70.35任意单位降至74.39）。Spearman相关性分析表明，各条件下绝对误差与执行时间之间存在中度至强相关性。Friedman检验表明，实验条件对除压力外的所有运动表现指标均有显著影响，Kendall's W值表明效应大小为中度至强。
这些发现加深了我们对感觉运动整合过程的理解，并可能对优化运动技能习得和训练以及制定有效的康复策略具有潜在意义。
