Vallese Chiara, Di Nuzzo Luca, Francesconi Luana, Giordani Paolo, Spitale Daniel, Benesperi Renato, Gheza Gabriele, Mair Petra, Nascimbene Juri
Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Dec 3;10(12):836. doi: 10.3390/jof10120836.
In this study, we focused on the bedrock-dependent effects of climate change on terricolous lichen communities along elevational gradients in the Alps. In particular, we contrasted between carbonatic and siliceous bedrock, hypothesizing more favourable conditions on siliceous than on carbonatic bedrock, where dryer conditions may exacerbate the effects of climate change. To test this hypothesis, we compared terricolous lichen diversity patterns between the two bedrock types in terms of (1) species richness, (2) beta-diversity, (3) proportion of cryophilous species, and (4) functional diversity, also testing the effect of the elevational gradient as a proxy for expected climate warming. Our results indicate that the most cold-adapted part of the terricolus lichen biota of the Alps could be especially threatened in the near future, mainly on carbonatic bedrock. Actually, contrasting diversity patterns were found between carbonatic and siliceous bedrock, clearly revealing a bedrock-dependent effect of climate change on terricolous lichens of the Alps. As hypothesized, siliceous bedrock hosts a richer lichen biota than carbonatic bedrock, reflecting a general richness pattern at the national level. In general, siliceous bedrock seems to be less prone to rapid pauperization of its lichen biota, providing more suitable climatic refugia that can mitigate the effects of climate warming on terricolous lichens.
在本研究中，我们聚焦于气候变化对阿尔卑斯山海拔梯度上土生地衣群落的基岩依赖性影响。具体而言，我们对比了碳酸盐基岩和硅质基岩，推测硅质基岩上的条件比碳酸盐基岩更有利，因为在碳酸盐基岩上较干燥的条件可能会加剧气候变化的影响。为了验证这一假设，我们从以下几个方面比较了两种基岩类型之间的土生地衣多样性模式：（1）物种丰富度，（2）β多样性，（3）嗜寒物种比例，以及（4）功能多样性，同时还测试了海拔梯度作为预期气候变暖替代指标的影响。我们的结果表明，阿尔卑斯山土生地衣生物区系中最适应寒冷的部分在不久的将来可能会受到特别威胁，主要是在碳酸盐基岩上。实际上，在碳酸盐基岩和硅质基岩之间发现了截然不同的多样性模式，清楚地揭示了气候变化对阿尔卑斯山土生地衣的基岩依赖性影响。正如所假设的那样，硅质基岩上的地衣生物区系比碳酸盐基岩更丰富，这反映了国家层面的总体丰富度模式。一般来说，硅质基岩似乎不太容易使其地衣生物区系迅速贫化，能提供更适宜的气候避难所，从而减轻气候变暖对土生地衣的影响。
