Peker Ahmet, Sinha Ayushi, King Robert M, Minnaard Jeffrey, Sterren William van der, Bydlon Torre, Bankier Alexander A, Gounis Matthew J
Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Department of Radiology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.
Tomography. 2024 Dec 5;10(12):1959-1969. doi: 10.3390/tomography10120142.
Image-guided diagnosis and treatment of lung lesions is an active area of research. With the growing number of solutions proposed, there is also a growing need to establish a standard for the evaluation of these solutions. Thus, realistic phantom and preclinical environments must be established. Realistic study environments must include implanted lung nodules that are morphologically similar to real lung lesions under X-ray imaging.
Various materials were injected into a phantom swine lung to evaluate the similarity to real lung lesions in size, location, density, and grayscale intensities in X-ray imaging. A combination of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) and ethiodized oil displayed radiopacity that was most similar to real lung lesions, and various injection techniques were evaluated to ensure easy implantation and to generate features mimicking malignant lesions.
The techniques used generated implanted nodules with properties mimicking solid nodules with features including pleural extensions and spiculations, which are typically present in malignant lesions. Using only n-BCA, implanted nodules mimicking ground glass opacity were also generated. These results are condensed into a set of recommendations that prescribe the materials and techniques that should be used to reproduce these nodules.
Generated recommendations on the use of n-BCA and ethiodized oil can help establish a standard for the evaluation of new image-guided solutions and refinement of algorithms in phantom and animal studies with realistic nodules.
图像引导下的肺部病变诊断与治疗是一个活跃的研究领域。随着提出的解决方案数量不断增加，建立这些解决方案评估标准的需求也日益增长。因此，必须建立逼真的体模和临床前环境。逼真的研究环境必须包括在X射线成像下形态与真实肺部病变相似的植入式肺结节。
将各种材料注入猪肺体模，以评估其在X射线成像中与真实肺部病变在大小、位置、密度和灰度强度方面的相似性。氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（n-BCA）和乙碘油的组合显示出与真实肺部病变最相似的不透射线特性，并评估了各种注射技术以确保易于植入并生成模拟恶性病变的特征。
所使用的技术生成了具有模拟实性结节特性的植入结节，其特征包括胸膜延伸和毛刺，这些通常是恶性病变中存在的特征。仅使用n-BCA还生成了模拟磨玻璃影的植入结节。这些结果被浓缩成一组建议，规定了用于重现这些结节应使用的材料和技术。
关于使用n-BCA和乙碘油的生成建议有助于建立在具有逼真结节的体模和动物研究中评估新的图像引导解决方案和优化算法的标准。
