Zhao Dengshuai, Shi Yaoxu, Zhang Miaomiao, Li Ping, Zhang Yuanhang, Wang Tianyu, Yu Dixi, Zhang Keshan
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 2;11(12):617. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11120617.
Orf (ORF) is an acute disease caused by the Orf virus (ORFV), and poses a certain threat to animal and human health. Live attenuated vaccines play an important role in the prevention and control of ORF. The effectiveness of the live attenuated Orf virus vaccine is influenced by several factors, including the genomic match between the vaccine strain and circulating epidemic strains. Genomic differences between an ORFV epidemic strain (ORFV-2W) and a vaccine strain (ORFV-1V) were identified in this study via analysis of multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ORFV-2W and ORFV-1V were closely related, with a whole genome homology of 99.8%. Furthermore, a deletion in the non-coding region at the end of the whole genome of ORFV-1V was detected. Such non-essential genes in the terminal regions are usually unnecessary for virus replication but may play important roles in pathogenicity, host and tissue tropism. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis identified three missense mutations in , , and the terminal non-coding region of ORFV-1V. Moreover, a frameshift mutation in of ORFV-1V was detected. Mutations in individual genes and deletion of terminal non-coding regions may be related to the attenuation of the vaccine strain. These results provide useful context for improving ORFV vaccines.
羊口疮（ORF）是由羊口疮病毒（ORFV）引起的一种急性疾病，对动物和人类健康构成一定威胁。减毒活疫苗在羊口疮的防控中发挥着重要作用。减毒活羊口疮病毒疫苗的有效性受多种因素影响，包括疫苗株与流行毒株之间的基因组匹配度。本研究通过多序列比对、系统发育树分析和单核苷酸多态性分析，鉴定了一株羊口疮病毒流行株（ORFV - 2W）与一株疫苗株（ORFV - 1V）之间的基因组差异。系统发育分析表明，ORFV - 2W与ORFV - 1V密切相关，全基因组同源性为99.8%。此外，还检测到ORFV - 1V全基因组末端非编码区存在一个缺失。这些末端区域的非必需基因通常对病毒复制并非必需，但可能在致病性、宿主和组织嗜性方面发挥重要作用。单核苷酸多态性分析在ORFV - 1V的、和末端非编码区鉴定出三个错义突变。此外，还检测到ORFV - 1V的发生了移码突变。单个基因的突变和末端非编码区的缺失可能与疫苗株的减毒有关。这些结果为改进ORFV疫苗提供了有用的背景信息。
