Kania Amir, Porco Natasha, Caravaggio Fernando
Department of Science, De La Salle College, Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Synapse. 2025 Jan;79(1):e70007. doi: 10.1002/syn.70007.
Alcohol consumption is known to affect dopamine (DA) release in the brain, with significant implications for understanding addiction and its neurobiological underpinnings. This meta-analysis examined the effects of acute alcohol administration on striatal DA release in healthy humans as measured with [C]-raclopride positron emission tomography (PET). Oral alcohol administration was associated with a significant reduction in [C]-raclopride binding potential (BP) in the ventral striatum (Cohen's d = -0.76), indicative of increased DA release, particularly at lower blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels (0.08 gm%; Z = 2.34, p = 0.02). That oral alcohol may increase DA release in the ventral striatum at lower doses, and decrease DA release at higher doses, warrants further investigation but appears consistent with other known biphasic, hermetic dose-response effects of alcohol. Additionally, larger effect-sizes in the ventral striatum were observed among those studies which sampled more males than females (Z = -2.08, p = 0.04). While oral alcohol administration was associated with reduced [C]-raclopride BP in the caudate (Cohen's d = -0.39) and putamen (Cohen's d = -0.37), these findings in the dorsal striatum were more variable and less robust. Our analyses suggests that study design (i.e., counterbalanced versus fixed order) may moderate effect sizes observed in the putamen across studies (Z = -2.27, p = 0.02). By identifying gaps in the current literature and proposing directions for future research, this study hopes to inform the design of future PET studies aimed at quantifying alcohol-induced dopamine release in the striatum of humans.
众所周知，饮酒会影响大脑中的多巴胺（DA）释放，这对于理解成瘾及其神经生物学基础具有重要意义。这项荟萃分析研究了急性酒精给药对健康人体内纹状体DA释放的影响，采用[C] - 雷氯必利正电子发射断层扫描（PET）进行测量。口服酒精与腹侧纹状体中[C] - 雷氯必利结合潜能（BP）的显著降低有关（科恩d值 = -0.76），表明DA释放增加，特别是在较低的血液酒精浓度（BAC）水平时（0.08 gm%；Z = 2.34，p = 0.02）。口服酒精在较低剂量时可能会增加腹侧纹状体中的DA释放，而在较高剂量时会降低DA释放，这值得进一步研究，但似乎与酒精其他已知的双相、密封剂量反应效应一致。此外，在男性样本多于女性的研究中，腹侧纹状体中观察到更大的效应量（Z = -2.08，p = 0.04）。虽然口服酒精与尾状核中[C] - 雷氯必利BP的降低有关（科恩d值 = -0.39）以及壳核中[C] - 雷氯必利BP的降低有关（科恩d值 = -0.37），但这些在背侧纹状体中的发现更具变异性且不太可靠。我们的分析表明，研究设计（即平衡顺序与固定顺序）可能会调节各研究中壳核中观察到的效应量（Z = -2.27，p = 0.02）。通过识别当前文献中的空白并提出未来研究的方向，本研究希望为未来旨在量化酒精诱导的人类纹状体中多巴胺释放的PET研究设计提供参考。
