Siva N, Nayak Baby S, Roy Arpita, Edward S Lewis Leslie, G Shyamala, Noronha Judith Angelita, Guddattu Vasudeva
Department of Child Health Nursing, SUM Nursing College, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India.
Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Public Health. 2025 Feb;239:32-36. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.029. Epub 2024 Dec 26.
Stillbirths, the tragic loss of a baby before or during delivery, presents a profound global health concern. Investigating the diverse causes and risk factors is essential to develop targeted interventions, enhance perinatal care, and reduce the incidence of this devastating outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the causes and possible risk factors of stillbirths in India.
The study design is a protocol for systematic review.
This systematic review will include all types of observational studies, such a cross-sectional surveys, descriptive studies, cohort studies and case-control studies from India. Studies will be retrieved from global databases like CINAHL, Medline through PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest Medical Library, Microsoft Academia, DOAJ, and Indian databases like Indian Citation Index, J-Gate, and Neonatal Database using database-specific keywords. Additionally, online hand searching will be done on the websites of the relevant Indian institutions. Primary studies' reference lists will be scrutinized for additional references if required. Two review authors (SN & AR) will independently screen, extract data, and critically appraise included studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist will be used to identify the quality and risk of bias of included studies. Any disagreements will be resolved in consultation with a third reviewer (BSN).
Results will be reported as per the PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review will. identify and highlight the causes and potential risk factors of stillbirths in India, which will guide the healthcare team in planning and developing a standard protocol and policies to promote successful antenatal care, implement effective early interventions, and improve access to quality healthcare to reduce stillbirth rates in institutional, rural, and underserved areas as per the Indian healthcare system.
These findings on causes and risk factors for stillbirth in India address a crucial gap in th literature and allow us to prepare a foundation for targeted interventions and policy recommendations in the healthcare system trajectory.
The Protocol is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic reviews PROSPERO (CRD - 42024506186).
死产，即婴儿在分娩前或分娩期间不幸夭折，是一个严重的全球健康问题。调查其多样的成因和风险因素对于制定有针对性的干预措施、加强围产期护理以及降低这一灾难性后果的发生率至关重要。本研究的目的是确定印度死产的原因和可能的风险因素。
本研究设计为一项系统评价方案。
该系统评价将纳入所有类型的观察性研究，如印度的横断面调查、描述性研究、队列研究和病例对照研究。研究将通过特定数据库关键词，从全球数据库如CINAHL、通过PubMed的Medline、EMBASE、SCOPUS、科学网、ProQuest医学图书馆、微软学术、DOAJ以及印度数据库如印度引文索引、J-Gate和新生儿数据库中检索。此外，还将在印度相关机构的网站上进行在线手工检索。如有需要，将仔细查阅纳入研究的参考文献列表以获取更多参考文献。两位综述作者（SN和AR）将独立筛选、提取数据并严格评估纳入的研究。将使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的批判性评价清单来确定纳入研究的质量和偏倚风险。如有任何分歧，将与第三位评审员（BSN）协商解决。
结果将按照PRISMA指南进行报告。本系统评价将识别并突出印度死产的原因和潜在风险因素，这将指导医疗团队根据印度医疗系统，在机构、农村和服务不足地区规划和制定标准方案及政策，以促进成功的产前护理、实施有效的早期干预并改善获得优质医疗服务的机会，从而降低死产率。
这些关于印度死产原因和风险因素的研究结果填补了文献中的关键空白，并使我们能够为医疗系统发展轨迹中的针对性干预和政策建议奠定基础。
该方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库PROSPERO（CRD - 42024506186）中注册。
