Darbari Kaul Rhea, Duong Cindy, Ma Jolande, Sayyar Sepidar, Wallace Gordon, Dunn Masako, Cheng Kai, Fleming Sophie, Whereat Sarah, Clark Jonathan, Mukherjee Payal
Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
ANZ J Surg. 2025 Apr;95(4):719-726. doi: 10.1111/ans.19374. Epub 2024 Dec 27.
Facial prosthetics are an important means to rehabilitate patients with congenital or acquired facial defects. However, with a time-consuming manual workflow and workforce shortage, access to facial prosthetics is limited in Australia and worldwide, especially for rural and remote patients. Optical 3D scanning has been increasingly integrated in digitizing data. With the development of TrueDepth® camera technology on smartphones, there is increasing availability of mobile applications which can generate 3D images to improve accessibility and reduce cost. This study compares the accuracy of mobile phone applications to high resolution 3D scanners for auricular data acquisition.
We conducted a case-control study comparing the EM3D smartphone application (EM3D) with the EinScan Pro 2× Plus Shining 3D handheld scanner (EinScan) in 22 healthy participants equating to 44 ears, using CloudCompare software analysis.
On average, EM3D acquired images 2.5 minutes quicker than the EinScan. The mean absolute directional distance difference was 1.10 mm, within the accepted deviation range of 2 mm. Out of the 44 ears, only 1 ear (2.27%) did not meet the accepted value of accuracy within 2 mm. The average completeness was 85% and the overall quality of images obtained from EinScanand EM3D were 53.5% and 57.7%, respectively, through observational analysis.
Mobile iPhone applications such as EM3D are a viable alternative to 3D handheld scanners such as EinScan. This study demonstrates reliable results in accuracy, and improved results in time, cost and operational feasibility.
面部假体是修复先天性或后天性面部缺陷患者的重要手段。然而，由于手动工作流程耗时且劳动力短缺，在澳大利亚乃至全球，获得面部假体的机会有限，尤其是对于农村和偏远地区的患者。光学3D扫描已越来越多地用于数据数字化。随着智能手机上TrueDepth®相机技术的发展，越来越多的移动应用程序可以生成3D图像，以提高可及性并降低成本。本研究比较了手机应用程序与高分辨率3D扫描仪在获取耳廓数据方面的准确性。
我们进行了一项病例对照研究，使用CloudCompare软件分析，在22名健康参与者（相当于44只耳朵）中，将EM3D智能手机应用程序（EM3D）与EinScan Pro 2× Plus Shining 3D手持式扫描仪（EinScan）进行比较。
平均而言，EM3D获取图像的速度比EinScan快2.5分钟。平均绝对方向距离差为1.10毫米，在2毫米的可接受偏差范围内。在44只耳朵中，只有1只耳朵（2.27%）不符合2毫米内的可接受准确性值。通过观察分析，平均完整性为85%，从EinScan和EM3D获得的图像的整体质量分别为53.5%和57.7%。
诸如EM3D之类的苹果手机应用程序是诸如EinScan之类的3D手持式扫描仪的可行替代方案。本研究在准确性方面显示出可靠的结果，在时间、成本和操作可行性方面也有改善。
