Romero Luis E, Alvarenga Francis, Binder Lina C, Serpa Maria Carolina A, Muñoz-Leal Sebastián, Labruna Marcelo B
Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de El Salvador, Final 25 Av. Norte, San Salvador, El Salvador.
Escuela de Posgrado y Educación Continua, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2024 Dec 28;94(1):19. doi: 10.1007/s10493-024-00988-3.
The tick fauna of El Salvador is currently represented by 10 species of hard ticks (family Ixodidae) and 2 species of soft ticks (family Argasidae). This study aimed to report new and additional records of ticks and rickettsiae in El Salvador. During 2019-2021, a total of 216 specimens of ticks were collected from eight host species (domestic and wild animals) and in the environment among 15 geographic localities of El Salvador. Combining morphological and molecular analyses, tick specimens were identified into the following 11 tick species: Amblyomma dissimile, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma mixtum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma cf. parvum, Amblyomma sabanerae, Amblyomma scutatum, Dermacentor panamensis, Ixodes boliviensis, Ornithodoros puertoricensis, and Otobius megnini. In addition, one free-living nymph was morphologically and molecularly identified as Ixodes sp., although closely related to Ixodes brunneus and Ixodes silvanus. Three rickettsial agents of the spotted fever group were identified: Rickettsia rhipicephali in D. panamensis; a Rickettsia endosymbiont in Ixodes boliviensis; and Rickettsia amblyommatis in A. cf. parvum. This study reports the first records of A. longirostre, D. panamensis, I. boliviensis, O. puertoricensis and O. megnini in El Salvador. In addition, the agents R. rhipicephali and Rickettsia sp. endosymbiont of I. boliviensis are also reported for the first time in the country. With the present study, the current tick fauna of El Salvador increases to 17 species, being 13 Ixodidae and 4 Argasidae, including the addition of one genus to each of these two families (Ixodes and Otobius, respectively).
萨尔瓦多目前的蜱类区系由10种硬蜱（硬蜱科）和2种软蜱（argasidae科）组成。本研究旨在报告萨尔瓦多蜱和立克次体的新记录及补充记录。在2019年至2021年期间，共从萨尔瓦多15个地理区域的8种宿主物种（家畜和野生动物）以及环境中采集到216只蜱标本。结合形态学和分子分析，蜱标本被鉴定为以下11种蜱：异形钝缘蜱、长喙钝缘蜱、混色钝缘蜱、卵形钝缘蜱、疑似小钝缘蜱、萨巴内拉钝缘蜱、盾形钝缘蜱、巴拿马革蜱、玻利维亚硬蜱、波多黎各钝缘蜱和梅氏钝缘蜱。此外，一只自由生活的若蜱在形态学和分子学上被鉴定为硬蜱属，尽管它与褐硬蜱和森林硬蜱密切相关。确定了斑点热群的三种立克次体病原体：巴拿马革蜱中的头状立克次体；玻利维亚硬蜱中的一种立克次体内共生体；疑似小钝缘蜱中的安氏立克次体。本研究报告了长喙钝缘蜱、巴拿马革蜱、玻利维亚硬蜱、波多黎各钝缘蜱和梅氏钝缘蜱在萨尔瓦多的首次记录。此外，该国还首次报告了头状立克次体和玻利维亚硬蜱的立克次体属内共生体。通过本研究，萨尔瓦多目前的蜱类区系增加到17种，其中硬蜱科13种，argasidae科4种，包括这两个科各新增一个属（分别为硬蜱属和钝缘蜱属）。
