Mesbahi Zoubida, Piquer-Martinez Celia, Benrimoj Shalom I, Martinez-Martinez Fernando, Amador-Fernandez Noelia, Zarzuelo Maria Jose, Dineen-Griffin Sarah, Garcia-Cardenas Victoria
Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2025 Mar;21(3):142-153. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.12.008. Epub 2024 Dec 21.
There has been a growing interest in granting prescribing rights to pharmacists as a strategy to improve healthcare access. Researchers continue to explore the impact and implementation of pharmacist prescribing. Given the recent international changes in this field, an overview of current territories allowing pharmacist independent prescribing would provide a comprehensive understanding for researchers and policymakers.
This scoping review aims to summarize the countries and specific jurisdictions where pharmacists can prescribe independently in community pharmacy, and map the conditions they can prescribe for, required training, and reimbursement policies.
This scoping review was conducted in October 2024 and has been reported following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches were performed in Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane databases, along with grey literature searches using Google.
A total of 88 studies and reports were identified. The countries where pharmacist can prescribe independently include the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Poland, Switzerland, and Denmark. Pharmacists authorized as independent prescribers generally require post-registration training and are authorized to initiate, adapt, renew, or substitute prescriptions. For the payment and reimbursement, this service is publicly funded only in Canada, Denmark, France, and the United Kingdom.
Pharmacist prescribing practices vary significantly worldwide, with differences in terminology, legislation, and training requirements. This scoping review provides the necessary information to visualize and conceptualize the current scope of pharmacist independent prescribers, offering a foundation for advancing this practice in new jurisdictions. Further research should address current models in under-studied regions, explore the scope for pharmacists to prescribe for undiagnosed conditions, and analyze payment structures in non-funded jurisdictions.
赋予药剂师处方权作为改善医疗服务可及性的一项策略，其受关注程度日益增加。研究人员持续探索药剂师处方权的影响及实施情况。鉴于该领域近期的国际变化，概述当前允许药剂师独立处方的地区，将为研究人员和政策制定者提供全面的理解。
本综述旨在总结药剂师可在社区药房独立处方的国家和具体司法管辖区，并梳理他们可开具处方的病症、所需培训以及报销政策。
本综述于2024年10月开展，并按照PRISMA-ScR指南进行报告。检索了Scopus、科学网、护理学与健康领域数据库、PubMed和Cochrane数据库，同时使用谷歌进行灰色文献检索。
共识别出88项研究和报告。药剂师可独立处方的国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、波兰、瑞士和丹麦。被授权为独立处方者的药剂师通常需要注册后培训，并被授权开具、调整、续开或替代处方。在支付和报销方面，仅在加拿大、丹麦、法国和英国，这项服务由公共资金提供。
全球范围内药剂师的处方实践差异显著，在术语、立法和培训要求方面存在不同。本综述提供了必要信息，以呈现和概念化当前药剂师独立处方者的范围，为在新的司法管辖区推进这项实践奠定基础。进一步的研究应关注研究不足地区的现有模式，探索药剂师为未确诊病症开具处方的范围，并分析非资助司法管辖区的支付结构。
