Bisker Chawki, Taylor Gillian, Carney Helen, Orr Caroline H, Javan Gulnaz T, Ralebitso-Senior Theresia Komang
National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Bouchaoui, Algiers, Algeria.
School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31179. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82437-0.
Outdoor microcosms, metabarcoding with next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene, total body score (TBS) and physicochemical analyses were used to monitor Mus musculus decomposition aboveground (A) and in the subsurface (S), and compared to soil-only controls (C). As determined by MaAsLin2 analysis, significant shifts in bacterial communities at 30 cm depths within the A, S and C treatments distinguished control from experimental soils, and between aboveground and subsurface deposition, demonstrating the potential for gravesoil discrimination during the first 90 days. For example, Dokdonella (p = 0.0002), Edaphobaculum (p = 0.0004) and Lacibacter (p = 0.0034) recorded significant shifts relative to sampling time. Furthermore, Massilia (p = 0.0005), Mycobacterium (p = 0.0006) and Sandaracinus (p = 0.0007) increased in abundance for the aboveground mice treatments. This was confirmed with ANOSIM where p = 0.0082 showed statistically significant difference between the aboveground and subsurface deposition. TBS and physicochemical analyses suggested that nutrient release into the soils occurred during active decay and skin rapture on days 7-13 in the subsurface and days 13-20 aboveground, with a particular increase in soil potassium concentration on day 15. Significant differences in soil temperatures resulted between A and S vs. C microcosms, aligning with atmospheric temperature changes. In summary, complementary application of metabarcoding, total body score, exogenous and physicochemical methods for postmortem interval estimation and clandestine grave location highlighted the feasibility of using temperature records downloaded from meteorological stations and portable X-ray fluorescence as indicators for various phases of decomposition.
利用户外微观世界、16S rRNA细菌基因的下一代测序元条形码技术、总体评分（TBS）以及理化分析，对地上（A）和地下（S）小家鼠的分解情况进行监测，并与仅含土壤的对照（C）进行比较。通过MaAsLin2分析确定，A、S和C处理中30厘米深度处细菌群落的显著变化区分了对照土壤和实验土壤，以及地上和地下沉积物，这表明在最初90天内有可能区分墓葬土壤。例如，相对于采样时间，多东氏菌属（p = 0.0002）、土壤杆菌属（p = 0.0004）和乳杆菌属（p = 0.0034）记录到显著变化。此外，地上小鼠处理中，马赛菌属（p = 0.0005）、分枝杆菌属（p = 0.0006）和沙德拉辛菌属（p = 0.0007）的丰度增加。这通过ANOSIM得到证实，其中p = 0.0082表明地上和地下沉积物之间存在统计学上的显著差异。TBS和理化分析表明，在地下7 - 13天以及地上13 - 20天的活跃腐烂和皮肤破裂期间，养分释放到土壤中，土壤钾浓度在第15天尤其增加。A和S与C微观世界之间的土壤温度存在显著差异，与大气温度变化一致。总之，元条形码技术、总体评分、外源和理化方法在死后间隔估计和秘密坟墓位置确定中的互补应用，突出了使用从气象站下载的温度记录和便携式X射线荧光作为分解各阶段指标的可行性。
