Matarrese Paola, Puglisi Rossella, Mattia Gianfranco, Samela Tonia, Abeni Damiano, Malorni Walter
Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy.
Clinical Psychology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2024 Dec 19;2024:3193670. doi: 10.1155/omcl/3193670. eCollection 2024.
Vitiligo is a skin disease that affects all ethnicities and genders and is characterized by the loss of pigment essentially due to the selective loss of melanocytes. Although it is generally considered a systemic disease associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response, vitiligo is also considered an oxidative imbalance-associated disease. It represents a multifactorial pathology in which some genetic predisposition and epigenetic factors coupled with some critical biochemical and molecular pathways could play a pivotal role. The aim of this work was thus to review some of the fine cellular mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo, mainly focusing on the nonimmunological ones, extensively highlighted elsewhere. We took into consideration, in addition to oxidative stress, both the cause and the hallmark of the pathology, some less investigated aspects such as the role of epigenetic factors, e.g., microRNAs, of receptors of catecholamines, and the more recently recognized role of the mitochondria. Sex differences associated with vitiligo have also been investigated starting from sex hormones and the receptors through which they exert their influence. From literature analysis, a picture seems to emerge in which vitiligo can be considered not just a melanocyte-affecting disease but a systemic pathology that compromises the homeostasis of a complex tissue such as the skin, in which different cell types reside playing multifaceted physiological roles for the entire organism. The exact sequence of cellular and subcellular events associated with vitiligo is still a matter of debate. However, the knowledge of the individual biological factors implicated in vitiligo could help physicians to highlight useful innovative markers of progression and provide, in the long run, new targets for more tailored treatments based on individual manifestations of the disease.
白癜风是一种影响所有种族和性别的皮肤病，其特征是色素脱失，本质上是由于黑素细胞的选择性丧失。尽管白癜风通常被认为是一种与免疫反应相关基因多态性有关的全身性疾病，但它也被视为一种与氧化失衡相关的疾病。它代表了一种多因素病理学，其中一些遗传易感性和表观遗传因素，再加上一些关键的生化和分子途径，可能起关键作用。因此，这项工作的目的是回顾白癜风发病机制中涉及的一些精细细胞机制，主要关注非免疫机制，其他地方已广泛强调这些机制。除了氧化应激（它既是该疾病的病因也是标志）外，我们还考虑了一些研究较少的方面，例如表观遗传因素（如微小RNA）、儿茶酚胺受体的作用，以及最近认识到的线粒体的作用。还从性激素及其发挥影响的受体出发，研究了与白癜风相关的性别差异。通过文献分析，似乎出现了这样一种情况：白癜风不仅可以被视为一种影响黑素细胞的疾病，而且是一种全身性病理学，它会破坏皮肤等复杂组织的稳态，皮肤中存在不同类型的细胞，它们为整个机体发挥多方面的生理作用。与白癜风相关的细胞和亚细胞事件的确切顺序仍存在争议。然而，了解白癜风所涉及的个体生物学因素可以帮助医生找出有用的疾病进展创新标志物，并最终为基于疾病个体表现的更精准治疗提供新的靶点。
