Haryati Dian, Ningrum Andriati, Witasari Lucia Dhiantika
Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
J Food Sci. 2025 Jan;90(1):e17610. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.17610. Epub 2024 Dec 30.
Yellowfin tuna skin waste is a potential collagen source for gelatin through hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis is eco-friendly but expensive, necessitating efficiency improvements. Ultrasound pre-treatment enhances efficiency via cavitation effects. This study evaluated the effects of ultrasound amplitude, pre-treatment duration, enzyme concentration, and hydrolysis duration on yield; determined optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction on yield, viscosity, and gel strength; and assessed the gelatin's physicochemical and functional properties. This research consists of three stages, factor screening using one variable at a time, optimization using response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design, and gelatin characterization. The study included three replicates. Screening identified factor ranges for optimization: 5-25 min pre-treatment, 1%-3% enzyme concentration, and 1-5 h hydrolysis. Optimization involved 15 experimental runs, focusing on yield, viscosity, and gel strength. Optimal conditions were 25 min pre-treatment, 1% enzyme concentration, and 2.17 h hydrolysis, yielding 64.08%, 9.29 mPa·s viscosity, and 166.28 bloom gel strength. The optimized gelatin showed emulsifying properties with EAI 50.5 m/g and ESI 23.80 min, water-oil holding capacities of 192% and 406%, respectively, antioxidant activity of 60.16%, and molecular weight range of 17-160 kDa. The amino acid composition was mainly glycine (29.26%) and proline (18.26%), with 76.95% digestibility. This innovative, environmentally friendly extraction method improved gelatin extraction efficiency from yellowfin tuna skin, supporting a sustainable industry.
黄鳍金枪鱼皮废料是通过水解生产明胶的潜在胶原蛋白来源。酶水解虽环保但成本高，因此需要提高效率。超声预处理通过空化效应提高效率。本研究评估了超声振幅、预处理时间、酶浓度和水解时间对产率的影响；确定了超声辅助酶提取在产率、粘度和凝胶强度方面的最佳条件；并评估了明胶的理化和功能特性。本研究包括三个阶段，即一次使用一个变量进行因素筛选、使用Box-Behnken设计的响应面方法进行优化以及明胶表征。该研究包括三个重复。筛选确定了优化的因素范围：预处理5 - 25分钟、酶浓度1% - 3%、水解1 - 5小时。优化涉及15次实验运行，重点关注产率、粘度和凝胶强度。最佳条件为预处理25分钟、酶浓度1%、水解2.17小时，产率为64.08%，粘度为9.29 mPa·s，凝胶强度为166.28勃氏度。优化后的明胶具有乳化性能，乳化活性指数（EAI）为50.5 m/g，乳化稳定性指数（ESI）为23.80分钟，水和油的持留能力分别为192%和406%，抗氧化活性为60.16%，分子量范围为17 - 160 kDa。氨基酸组成主要为甘氨酸（29.26%）和脯氨酸（18.26%），消化率为76.95%。这种创新的环保提取方法提高了从黄鳍金枪鱼皮中提取明胶的效率，支持了可持续产业。
