Smith Danielle L, Damiano Stephanie R, McLean Siân A, Wertheim Eleanor H, Paxton Susan J
School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
J Eat Disord. 2024 Dec 30;12(1):215. doi: 10.1186/s40337-024-01178-7.
Biopsychosocial factors have been associated with body satisfaction/dissatisfaction and related body image concerns in adolescence; however, few studies have investigated these relationships in middle childhood, an important developmental phase for body satisfaction. This study investigated relationships between a range of biological (body mass index), psychological (child anxiety/depression, self-esteem, and self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism) and sociocultural (mother's body dissatisfaction and comments about child's appearance, father's body dissatisfaction and comments about child's appearance, peer teasing and child's media exposure) factors and body satisfaction cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a sample of 7- and 8-year-old children.
In this study, participants from the longitudinal Children's Body Image Development Study (in which children had been followed-up annually from 3 years old) were assessed by interview at 7 years old (Time 1; n = 293: girls = 167, boys = 126) and 8 years old (Time 2; n = 222; girls = 126, boys = 96) and their parents completed a questionnaire at each time point.
Multiple regression analyses revealed that child self-esteem, socially prescribed perfectionism, and mother body dissatisfaction in the total sample at 7-years, as well as child self-esteem and mother body dissatisfaction in the total sample at 8-years were significant unique cross-sectional correlates of child body satisfaction. While self-esteem outcomes were replicated at both time points for boys and girls, some differences in patterns were found for other variables in the subsamples of boys versus girls across time points. Prospectively in partial correlations (controlling for Time 1 child body satisfaction), mother's body dissatisfaction predicted later child body satisfaction in boys and child self-esteem predicted later body satisfaction in girls. However, no longitudinal biopsychosocial predictors were identified as contributing unique variance in child body satisfaction from 7- to 8-years old after accounting for Time 1 (7-yearold) child body satisfaction.
These findings point to important psychosocial factors that are consistently related to body satisfaction in children and could be targets for intervention, but also suggest that a number of biopsychosocial variables develop concurrently with body satisfaction.
生物心理社会因素与青少年的身体满意度/不满意度以及相关的身体形象问题有关；然而，很少有研究在童年中期这一身体满意度的重要发展阶段调查这些关系。本研究在一个7至8岁儿童样本中，对一系列生物因素（体重指数）、心理因素（儿童焦虑/抑郁、自尊、自我导向和社会规定的完美主义）和社会文化因素（母亲的身体不满以及对孩子外貌的评价、父亲的身体不满以及对孩子外貌的评价、同伴嘲笑和孩子接触媒体的情况）与身体满意度之间的关系进行了横断面和纵向研究。
在本研究中，纵向儿童身体形象发展研究（该研究从孩子3岁起每年进行随访）的参与者在7岁时（时间1；n = 293：女孩 = 167，男孩 = 126）和8岁时（时间2；n = 222；女孩 = 126，男孩 = 96）接受访谈评估，其父母在每个时间点完成一份问卷。
多元回归分析显示，7岁时总样本中的儿童自尊、社会规定的完美主义和母亲的身体不满，以及8岁时总样本中的儿童自尊和母亲的身体不满，是儿童身体满意度显著的独特横断面相关因素。虽然自尊结果在男孩和女孩的两个时间点都得到了重复，但在不同时间点的男孩和女孩子样本中，其他变量的模式存在一些差异。在前瞻性偏相关分析中（控制时间1时儿童的身体满意度），母亲的身体不满预测了男孩后来的身体满意度，儿童自尊预测了女孩后来的身体满意度。然而，在考虑了时间1（7岁）儿童的身体满意度后，没有发现纵向生物心理社会预测因素对7至8岁儿童的身体满意度有独特的方差贡献。
这些发现指出了与儿童身体满意度始终相关的重要心理社会因素，这些因素可能是干预的目标，但也表明一些生物心理社会变量与身体满意度同时发展。
