Treiman Lauren S, Kool Wouter
Division of Computational & Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):31607. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79510-z.
Context shapes how we perceive choices and, therefore, how we decide between them. For instance, a large body of literature on the "framing effect" demonstrates that people become more risk-seeking when choices are framed in terms of losses. Despite this research, it remains unknown how people make choices between contexts and how these choices affect subsequent decision making. To address these questions, we designed the Frame Selection Task (FST). On each trial in the FST, participants first choose how risky and safe options are framed, either in terms of gains or losses, and then select between them. We found that participants exhibited frame preferences, with a predominant preference for the gain frame, and that they were willing to incur costs to select options within their preferred frame. Moreover, participants selected frames that aligned with their risk preferences: people with stronger risk aversion displayed a stronger gain-frame preference. These results demonstrate how people choose between contexts and that they can combine these preferences with cognitive biases to facilitate decision making.
情境塑造了我们对选择的认知方式,进而影响我们在不同选择之间的决策。例如,大量关于“框架效应”的文献表明,当选择以损失的框架呈现时,人们会变得更倾向于冒险。尽管有这些研究,但人们如何在不同情境之间做出选择以及这些选择如何影响后续决策仍不清楚。为了解决这些问题,我们设计了框架选择任务(FST)。在FST的每次试验中,参与者首先选择风险选项和安全选项是以收益还是损失的框架呈现,然后在它们之间进行选择。我们发现参与者表现出框架偏好,主要偏好收益框架,并且他们愿意付出代价来选择其偏好框架内的选项。此外,参与者选择的框架与其风险偏好一致:风险厌恶程度较高的人表现出更强的收益框架偏好。这些结果表明了人们如何在不同情境之间进行选择,以及他们如何将这些偏好与认知偏差相结合以促进决策。