Liu Kaihang, Zhao Wei, Li Congcong, Tian Ying, Wang Lijuan, Zhong Jingyi, Yan Xu, Wang Yezheng, Wang Liyan, Wang Hongbiao
College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):32082. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83802-9.
Cognitive decline is an important feature of an aging population. Despite the large body of research investigating the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cognitive performance, reports of its effectiveness are inconsistent and it is difficult to determine what factors moderate these effects. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of existing randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of HIIT on various domains of cognitive performance, and to further examine the intervention cycle and age-related moderating effects. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across a range of databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO. The meta-analysis included data from 20 RCT studies. The results of the analyses demonstrated that HIIT significantly enhanced information processing (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15-0.52, P = 0.0005), executive function (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.26 - 0.50, P < 0.00001), and memory (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07-0.35, P = 0.004). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that HIIT enhanced information processing in individuals aged 60 and above, improved executive functioning in individuals of all ages, and enhanced memory in individuals aged 30 to 60. Acute HIIT improved executive function, less than 8 weeks of HIIT improved executive function and memory, and more than 8 weeks of HIIT improved information processing, executive function and memory. The findings of this study indicate that HIIT has a beneficial effect on cognitive performance. Chronic HIIT represents a potential non-pharmacological intervention for cognitive health. Further high-quality research is required to validate and extend these findings.
认知能力下降是老年人群的一个重要特征。尽管有大量研究探讨高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对认知表现的影响，但其有效性的报告并不一致，且难以确定哪些因素会调节这些影响。本研究的目的是对现有的随机对照试验进行荟萃分析，以调查HIIT对认知表现各个领域的影响，并进一步研究干预周期和年龄相关的调节作用。我们在一系列数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，包括PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、科学网、Scopus和EBSCO。荟萃分析纳入了20项随机对照试验的数据。分析结果表明，HIIT显著提高了信息处理能力（标准化均值差[SMD]=0.33，95%置信区间：0.15-0.52，P=0.0005）、执行功能（SMD=0.38，95%置信区间：0.26-0.50，P<0.00001）和记忆力（SMD=0.21，95%置信区间：0.07-0.35，P=0.004）。亚组分析表明，HIIT提高了60岁及以上个体的信息处理能力，改善了各年龄段个体的执行功能，并增强了30至60岁个体的记忆力。急性HIIT改善了执行功能，少于8周的HIIT改善了执行功能和记忆力，超过8周的HIIT改善了信息处理能力、执行功能和记忆力。本研究结果表明，HIIT对认知表现有有益影响。长期HIIT是一种潜在的认知健康非药物干预措施。需要进一步的高质量研究来验证和扩展这些发现。
