Wang Crystal X, Hussain Mariam A, Tibiriçá Lize, Castellanos-Ponce Valarie, Cherner Mariana, Palmer Barton W, Kamalyan Lily, Yassai-Gonzalez David, Umlauf Anya, Barnes Lisa L, Heaton Robert K, Ellis Ronald J, Marquine María J
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA.
AIDS Behav. 2025 Apr;29(4):1096-1108. doi: 10.1007/s10461-024-04586-7. Epub 2024 Dec 30.
The present study investigated differences in the quantity and quality of social engagement, and their associations with neurocognition among older Latino and non-Latino White persons with HIV (PWH). Participants were age 50 + community-dwelling PWH living in southern California (n = 116; 50% Latino [53% Spanish-speaking], 50% non-Latino White; Age: M = 58.03; Education: M = 13.29; 82% male; 58% AIDS; 95% on antiretroviral therapy). Neurocognition was assessed with a battery of 10 tests on which demographically-adjusted T-scores were derived. Social engagement was measured via self-report of frequency of participation in social activities over the past year (quantitative) and feelings and perceptions of loneliness (qualitative). There were few ethnic differences in degree of participation in social activities, but Latino PWH reported lower loneliness. Social activity and loneliness were significantly associated with processing speed in the overall sample, and with global neurocognition only in White PWH. Latino PWH reported better quality of social engagement than non-Latino White PWH despite small ethnic differences in quantity of social engagement. Social engagement was associated with better neurocognition primarily in older White PWH. Given documented HIV disparities in neurocognition, future studies should investigate HIV-related comorbidities and structural determinants of health as potential determinants of neurocognition among older Latino PWH.
本研究调查了感染艾滋病毒的老年拉丁裔和非拉丁裔白人在社交参与的数量和质量上的差异，以及它们与神经认知的关联。研究参与者为居住在南加州、年龄在50岁及以上的社区居家艾滋病毒感染者（n = 116；50%为拉丁裔[53%说西班牙语]，50%为非拉丁裔白人；年龄：M = 58.03；受教育程度：M = 13.29；82%为男性；58%患有艾滋病；95%正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗）。通过一组10项测试评估神经认知，并得出经人口统计学调整的T分数。通过自我报告过去一年参与社交活动的频率（定量）以及孤独感和孤独认知（定性）来衡量社交参与情况。在社交活动参与程度方面几乎没有种族差异，但拉丁裔艾滋病毒感染者报告的孤独感较低。社交活动和孤独感在总体样本中与处理速度显著相关，仅在白人艾滋病毒感染者中与整体神经认知相关。尽管在社交参与数量上存在微小的种族差异，但拉丁裔艾滋病毒感染者报告的社交参与质量优于非拉丁裔白人艾滋病毒感染者。社交参与主要在老年白人艾滋病毒感染者中与更好的神经认知相关。鉴于已记录的艾滋病毒在神经认知方面的差异，未来研究应调查与艾滋病毒相关的合并症以及健康的结构决定因素，将其作为老年拉丁裔艾滋病毒感染者神经认知的潜在决定因素。
