Neuron-specific growth cone properties as seen in identified neurons of Helisoma.

By using cell-cultured identified neurons of the snail Helisoma, we demonstrate that the growth cones of different neurons are intrinsically different from one another in terms of their structure, behavior, and response to environmental signals. Structurally neuron 5 has a greater number of filopodia per growth cone, has shorter filopodia, and has a smaller interfilopodial distance than neuron 19. Behaviorally, the growth cones of neuron 5 advance over the substratum at a faster rate than those of neuron 19; and the growth cones of neuron 19, but not of neuron 5, respond to the presence of serotonin in their environment by retracting their filopodia. In addition to such intrinsic differences between the growth cones of different neurons, we also demonstrate that the separate growth cones of a single neuron, while having identical properties, can act independently of one another. Focal application of serotonin to a growth cone causes only a localized retraction of that growth cones' filopodia. Other growth cones that are attached to the same neuron but that are not exposed to serotonin retain their normal structural features.